(a.) Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical combinations.
(n.) A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Example Sentences:
(1) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(2) Stimulation of human leukocytes with various chemical mediators such as TPA, f-Met-Leu-Phe, LTB4, etc.
(3) This suggested that the chemical effects produced by shock waves were either absent or attenuated in the cells, or were inherently less toxic than those of ionizing irradiation.
(4) At 36 h postsurgery, RBCs were examined by 23Na-NMR by using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as a chemical shift reagent.
(5) The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual.
(6) Changes in cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were followed and intracellular pH (pHi) was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi.
(7) Maximal aberration yields were observed for 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside from 17 to 21 h, eugenol from 15 to 21 h, cadmium sulfate from 15 to 24 h and 2-aminobiphenyl, from 17 to 24 h. For adriamycin at 1 microM, the % aberrant cells remained elevated throughout the period from 9 to 29 h, while small increases at 0.1 microM ADR were found only at 13 and at 25 h. For most chemicals the maximal aberration yield occurred at a different time for each concentration tested.
(8) 2.39pm BST The European Union called for a "thorough and immediate" investigation of the alleged chemical attack.
(9) "With hyperspectral imaging, you can tell the chemical content of a cake just by taking a photo of it.
(10) The deactivated columns had the residual silanols on the silica gel chemically inactivated to reduce the interaction with basic groups or analytes.
(11) A sperm whale myoglobin gene containing multiple unique restriction sites has been constructed in pUC 18 by sequential assembly of chemically synthesized oligonucleotide fragments.
(12) On the basis of obtained data on the uniformity of chemical compounds of the secretion of glands belonging to different groups their common origin has been suggested.
(13) In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels.
(14) In contrast sham-hemodialysis in group CA and group PS, respectively, did not result in significant increases in amino acid efflux from the leg implying that the protein catabolic effect of blood membrane contact depends on the chemical properties of dialysis membranes.
(15) We investigated this suppression quantitatively, using a chemical assay for cell-bound and dissolved capsular polysaccharide.
(16) We previously established that the binding constant (Ka) of this receptor site for the chemically synthesized model AGE, 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H- imidazole-butyric acid (FFI-BA), on cells of the mouse macrophagelike cell line RAW 264.7 is identical to that for AGE proteins.
(17) They included lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and a chemical cross-linker, glutaraldehyde, in addition to anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibodies, HIEI and H-47.
(18) The reduction of such potentials can be explained in terms of collision between the antidromic volleys and those elicited orthodromically by chemical and thermic stimulation.
(19) In certain cases, the effects of these substances are enhanced, in others, they are inhibited by compounds that were isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical synthesis.
(20) The use of gaseous insecticides in the chemical control of T. infestans is discussed.
Tracer
Definition:
(n.) One who, or that which, traces.
Example Sentences:
(1) If tracer is introduced into the carotid artery after osmotic treatment, brain uptake is increased by a net factor of 50 (a factor of 70 due to elevation of PA, multiplied by 7 due to infusion by the carotid route) as compared to uptake by normal, untreated brain with infusion into a peripheral vein.
(2) Limitations include the facts that the tracer inventory requires a minimal survival period, can only be done postmortem, and has low resolution for cuts of the vagal hepatic branch.
(3) Thus, the enzyme-immunoassay shows specificity and sensitivity comparable to radioimmunoassay making use of radioactive tracer unnecessary.
(4) By contrast, there was a rapid exchange of tracer Leu carbon between placenta and fetus resulting in a significant flux of labeled KIC from placenta to fetus.
(5) Acetylcholine caused a rapid decrease (42% in 1 min) in 36Cl content of control acini which were preloaded with tracer for 12 min, but only a 23% decrease in acini of reserpine-treated rats.
(6) An isotopic steady state was established in five pregnant animals by the daily feeding of a tracer dose of cholesterol-4-(14)C. Comparison of maternal and fetal serum cholesterol SA revealed that an average of 42.6% of the serum cholesterol in the term fetus originated by transfer from the maternal blood.
(7) Injection of the tracer substance wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) directly into the basilar pontine nuclei using a ventral surgical approach resulted in the labeling of somata in many areas both rostral and caudal to the basilar pons.
(8) These results suggest that [99mTc]LDL acts as a trapped ligand in vivo and should therefore, be a good tracer for noninvasive quantitative biodistribution studies of LDL.
(9) The organization of the afferent and efferent connections of the sagittal Zones A and B of the cerebellar cortex of the rat have been studied using wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase as a tracer.
(10) Three exponential terms were required to fit the data for each of the tracers in all six experiments.
(11) The radiation dose to the tumor after a single injection of 500 muCi 131I-MAb 139H2 was 1,300 cGy over 7 days, which appeared slightly lower than the dose calculated after administration of a tracer dose of iodinated MAb 139H2.
(12) A light and electron microscopic double immunostaining technique was employed using the beta subunit of unconjugated cholera toxin as a neural tracer.
(13) Coronary collateral blood flow was measured with tracer microspheres in 3 different experimental conditons in the dog heart: 1. after occlusion of a large coronary artery in the in situ beating heart, 2. after occlusion of a small coronary artery in the in situ beating heart and 3. after occlusion of a large coronary artery in the isolated, empty beating, blood-perfused heart.
(14) This exogenous protein tracer could be seen in apical vacuoles and phagosomes in the cuboidal parietal epithelium.
(15) In the present study, we assessed transepithelial transport of Na+, K+ and Cl- in the isolated initial segment (P1) of rabbit colon in vitro using radioisotopic tracer fluxes and electrophysiological techniques.
(16) Each group of cattle consisted of six permanent members, two members fistulated at the oesophagus and one worm-free tracer calf.
(17) The immunoreactivity of the tracer can instead be lower than that shown by the standard, although it must not be too different.
(18) This reconstruction only requires very general assumptions, such as tracer-tracee indistinguishability and mass conservation; in particular it is independent of the glucose model structure, i.e., number of compartments and their interconnections.
(19) When normalized with respect to scala cross-section, the process of tracer movement across the spiral ligament is similar in the basal and third turns.
(20) The electron-dense tracers, ferritin, peroxidase, Thorotrast, and latex beads were all ingested but none was phagocytized.