(v. t.) To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate.
(v. t.) To ruminate mentally; to meditate on.
(v. i.) To perform the action of biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to meditate.
(n.) That which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at once; a cud.
Example Sentences:
(1) There was a linear increase in the dimensions of these zones after the chewing.
(2) In a second set of test sessions, volunteers chewed sugarless gum for 10 minutes, starting 15 minutes after they ate the snack food.
(3) The model has been used to evaluate mineral changes from the use of fluoride dentifrices and rinses, chewing gum, and food sequencing.
(4) The prevalence of kola nut chewing and the effects attributed to it are briefly reviewed.
(5) A case is presented of deliberate chewing of the flowers of henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) in the hope of producing euphoria, and an account is given of the poisoning so produced.
(6) The wide variation in potency explains the variation found in absolute bioavailability, and the increase in release rate when the pellets are crushed explains the differences seen in peak plasma times, since the pellets will be chewed to varying degrees by the horse.
(7) American Horror Story is a paean to the supernatural whose greatest purpose is letting washed-up actors and pop stars chew the scenery on the way to winning awards .
(8) Pictures of the Social Network star emerged on Twitter and Instagram on Wednesday, showing Garfield in full costume for Punchdrunk's current show, The Drowned Man , chewing seductively on a stick of straw .
(9) Chew on this during the change: TBS notes that the Pirates are 69-17 when they score four or more runs....gulp.
(10) Relationships between chewing activities and rates of particle breakdown, passage, and digestion were also determined.
(11) During each test period one group chewed a combination of one piece sorbitol and one piece sucrose flavored gum five times per day, the second group correspondingly chewed xylitol and sucrose flavored gum, while the third group served as a no hygiene control group.
(12) Epidemiologists need to conduct studies to determine if there is an increased likelihood of developing cancer in betel chewing pregnant women and OC users due to increased sensitivity of their lymphocytes to genetic damage compared with nonchewing pregnant women and OC users.
(13) So that you know he's evil, he is dressed like a giant, bedraggled grey duckling, in a fur coat made up of bits of chewed-up wolf.
(14) The relationship of nutritional status, self-perceived chewing ability, dental status, and social isolation was examined.
(15) A cooperative multicenter study was performed to evaluate two salivary secretion methods-the chewing gum test and the Saxon test by a crossover method.
(16) The buccal mucosa was the most common site of occurrence; 98.3% of these individuals had oral habits, with smoking alone or smoking in combination with "pan" or "supari" chewing accounting for 74.9% of the habit forms.
(17) We have compared the ability of drugs to induce chewing and retching or emesis in squirrel monkeys; such studies are not possible in rodents, which do not vomit.
(18) The ability to perceive thickness differences between the incisors was more accurate after 1 hour's chewing than normally.
(19) The results show a significant difference between the cranial values of the two chewing experiences.
(20) When increasing the length of the chewing object, secretion of fluid (P less than 0.013), but not enzymes, further increased.
Ruminate
Definition:
(v. i.) To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed.
(v. i.) To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to reflect.
(v. t.) To chew over again.
(v. t.) To meditate or ponder over; to muse on.
(a.) Alt. of Ruminated
Example Sentences:
(1) The data suggest that major differences may exist between ruminants and non-ruminants in the response of liver metabolism both to lactation per se and to the effects of growth hormone and insulin.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) The different hydrolytic, fermentative and methanogenic activities of these populations ensure the efficient degradation of cell wall constituent in forages (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin) ingested by ruminants.
(4) Ruminal digestion (% of intake) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P less than .05), whereas acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion responded in a cubic (P less than .05) fashion to increasing concentrate level; NaHCO3 improved ruminal digestion of NDF (P less than .10) and ADF (P less than .05), but not hemicellulose.
(5) The results of these trials suggest that increasing level of dietary NaHCO3 greatly increases the proportion of time ruminal pH is above critical levels for ruminal protein and dry matter digestion, but does not affect total tract nutrient digestion when 50% concentrate diets are fed.
(6) Extents of in situ ruminal digestion (72 h residue) for NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose were lower (P less than .05) for full-head than for late-boot-stage bromegrass.
(7) Consistent with the convergence hypothesis, only those sites that specify amino acids in the mature lysozyme are shared uniquely with ruminant lysozyme genes.
(8) Each of the primary stress selected isolates was tested in synthetic saliva, rumen fluid simulating the activity in the rumen, rumen fluid followed by pepsin-hydrochloric acid treatment simulating the additional effect of ruminal and abomasal activity, pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution simulating conditions in the abomasum and finally in a trypsin solution as an example of enzyme activity in the gut.
(9) It follows from the results that the effectiveness of some antifasciolics on laboratory animals need not always be in correlation with their effect in ruminants - hence it is necessary to verify the results obtained in laboratory animals and to check them on natural F. hepatica hosts.
(10) Ruminal lactate concentrations were variable within and among treatments.
(11) Data from the literature on the clinical effects of bacterial endotoxins in ruminants are reviewed.
(12) The strains of BTV serotype 11 were mild in their pathogenicity for the ruminants as no clinical signs of disease were seen.
(13) On defaunation of the rumen to remove ciliated protozoa the concentration of phosphatidylcholine in ruminal digesta falls markedly and becomes lower than that in abomasal digesta.
(14) The effect of ubiquitous clostridial infections on ruminants is discussed.
(15) Rauschia gen. nov. (type species: R. triangularis) is created for species previously pertaining to Nematodirus parasite of Lagomorpha, and in which the synlophe, very complex, differs from the synlophe of the parasite of Ruminants.
(16) When the rate of ruminal epithelial cell proliferation was measured on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the cellular DNA, butyrate dose-dependently reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation.
(17) Ruminal ammonia, molar percentage butyrate, and blood ketones, plasma urea N, and plasma molar percentage butyrate were lower when hay was fed.
(18) Breakdown of LP by rumination was calculated from the weight of total particles regurgitated and the proportion of LP in the regurgitated and swallowed remasticated material.
(19) Single doses of (15NH4)2SO4 were infused into ruminal pools to determine N kinetics.
(20) Nickel did not alter methane production, carcass characteristics or ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions.