(1) The chiggers of the other species tested were found negative.
(2) Over 60 forms of parasites were found out as follows: three species of blood parasites, 12 species of Coccidia, 8 species of cestodes, 12 species of nematodes, one species of Acanthocephalus, three species of chigger mites, 15 species of gamasid mites, 6 species of ixodid ticks, fleas and lice.
(3) Chiggers were absent on Mus platythrix from a habitat about 40 meters away from the B. bengalensis and S. murinus collection sites.
(4) The 12 additional arthropod species recorded from the woodland mice consisted of 1 nidicolous beetle, Leptinus orientamericanus; 1 bot, Cuterebra fontinella; 3 fleas, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, Orchopeas leucopus and Peromyscopsylla scotti; 1 tick, Dermacentor variabilis; 2 mesostigmatid mites, Androlaelaps fahrenholzi and Ornithonyssus bacoti; 3 chiggers, Comatacarus americanus, Euschoengastia peromysci, and Leptotrombidium peromysci; and 1 undescribed pygmephorid mite of the genus Pygmephorus.
(5) R. argentiventer was host to significantly greater numbers of chiggers per rat than was R. tiomanicus.
(6) R. tsutsugamushi was isolated from chigger mites of an L. pallidum-rich group, displaying the highest titer to Karp strain.
(7) A diffuse inflammatory response occurred at the site of chigger and tick attachment which consisted of histiocyte, heterophil, fibroblast and lymphocyte infiltration that often extended into the dermis.
(8) Eleven species were identified: one flea (Orchopeas howardi (Baker], three suckling lice (Enderleinellus longiceps Kellogg & Ferris, Hoplopleura sciuricola Ferris, and Neohaematopinus sciuri Jancke), one tick (Dermacentor variabilis Say), two mesostigmatid (gamasid) mites (Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese) and A. fahrenholzi (Berlese], and four chiggers (Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (Oudemans), E. splendens (Ewing), Leptotrombidium peromysci Vercammen-Grandjean & Langston, and Parasecia gurneyi (Ewing].
(9) Chigger mites of the genus Leptotrombidium (Acari: Trombiculidae) transmit scrub typhus, caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (= R.orientalis) in South-East Asia.
(10) The chicken is available as a bait animal for the study of vector mites and has been found to be infected by chigger mite bite in an area endemic of scrub typhus.
(11) An initial exposure did not elicit macroscopic changes at chigger attachment sites, while all third and fourth exposure animals had marked reactions consisting of erythema, epidermal thickening and serous exudation.
(12) New species of chiggers from Tadzhikistan are described: Leptotrombidium tamanta sp.
(13) There was an increased inflammatory response in older lizards that may have been an augmented host sensitivity following repeated exposure to chiggers.
(14) Chigger infestation may be minimized by the use of proper clothing and insect repellents.
(15) Considering the vector load and numbers of chiggers being returned to the ground by a given host, a rate of 0.5% appeared adequate to account for the prevalence rate of R. tsutsugamushi observed in the 2 host species.
(16) Histopathological effects of the chigger, Eutrombicula lipovskyana, on the mite pockets of neonatal, juvenile and adult Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii, were investigated.
(17) Chigger infestations are caused by mite larvae that feed on the host's epidermal cells.
(18) Intense pruritus is the usual response, but more severe reactions and chigger-borne disease may also occur.
(19) The direct fluorescent antibody technique for assaying infections in chiggers proved more sensitive than mouse inoculation.
(20) Synotpic keys to the 87 genera of chiggers in the Western Hemisphere (Nearctic and Neotropical regions) as well as illustrations to the terminology employed, are presented.
Urban
Definition:
(a.) Of or belonging to a city or town; as, an urban population.
(a.) Belonging to, or suiting, those living in a city; cultivated; polite; urbane; as, urban manners.
Example Sentences:
(1) On Friday night, in a stadium built in an area once deemed an urban wasteland, the flame that has journeyed from Athens to every corner of these islands will light the fire that launches the London Olympics of 2012.
(2) He is also the foremost theorist of the Tijuana-San Diego border in terms of what happens when the urban culture of the developing world collides with that of the developed world.
(3) Of the 138 patients who were admitted to the study, only seventy-one (51 per cent) could be followed for an average of 3.5 years (a typical return rate of urban trauma centers).
(4) Subtle differences between Chicago urban and Grand Forks rural climates are reflected in arthritic subjects' degree of pain and their perception of pain-related stress.
(5) Cigarette consumption has also been greater in urban areas, but it is difficult to estimate how much of the excess it can account for.
(6) Urban hives boom could be 'bad for bees' What happened: Two professors from a University of Sussex laboratory are urging wannabe-urban beekeepers to consider planting more flowers instead of taking up the increasingly popular hobby.
(7) Since then the intensive development of anti-malaria campaigns in urban areas over about ten years led temporarily to a considerable decrease in the level of endemicity, while in rural areas it remained unchanged.
(8) The urban wasteland ecosystem contained in outdoor lysimeters employed as a model gives valuable information and has considerable value in predicting the ecological fate of industrial chemicals.
(9) It put on the agenda the need to upgrade the existing urban fabric, and to use the derelict and brownfield sites in our cities before encroaching on the countryside.
(10) Yet very little research information or published material is available on the extent of utilization behaviour of Siddha medicine in urban settings.
(11) A 12-month epidemiological survey of attacks of acute myocardial infarction was carried out in a large urban population.
(12) The dietary information on children with diarrhea came from focus groups with mothers in 3 marginal urban communities, 3 rural indigenous communities, and 4 rural Ladino communities.
(13) The mayor of London had said in a Twitter exchange in July that it was a “ludicrous urban myth” that Britain’s premier shopping street was one of the world’s most polluted thoroughfares, saying that the capital’s air quality was “better than Paris and other European cities”.
(14) 58% of the urban population has access to drinking water.
(15) Since the first sections opened, the project has been heralded as a model example of urban redevelopment and the line has contributed to the gentrification of Manhattan’s Lower West Side.
(16) This article compares patterns of health care utilization for hospitalizations and ambulatory care in a sample of 1855 urban, elderly, community residents who report obtaining their health care from one of four types of arrangements: a fee-for-service (FFS) physician, a hospital-based health maintenance organization, a network model HMO, or a preferred provider organization (PPO).
(17) Urban ambulance systems emerged in the second half of the 19th century as an outgrowth of military experiences in both Europe and America.
(18) Trichotomic classification of communities throws some light on the problem of causes of death of the rural and urban population.
(19) The 180-acre imperial palace appears to send ripples through the surrounding urban grain like a rock thrown into a pond, forming the successive layers of ring-roads.
(20) Nurses are an indispensable part of these urban health teams and, if they are not already, should start now to become involved in urban policymaking and planning and consider how their national nurses' association can individually or collaboratively support healthy city projects and national healthy city networks.