What's the difference between chinese and mandarin?

Chinese


Definition:

  • (a.) Of or pertaining to China; peculiar to China.
  • (n. sing. & pl.) A native or natives of China, or one of that yellow race with oblique eyelids who live principally in China.
  • (n. sing. & pl.) The language of China, which is monosyllabic.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Because cystine in medium was converted rapidly to cysteine and cysteinyl-NAC in the presence of NAC and given that cysteine has a higher affinity for uptake by EC than cystine, we conclude that the enhanced uptake of radioactivity was in the form of cysteine and at least part of the stimulatory effect of NAC on EC glutathione was due to a formation of cysteine by a mixed disulfide reaction of NAC with cystine similar to that previously reported for Chinese hamster ovarian cells (R. D. Issels et al.
  • (2) Although Jeggo's Chinese hamster ovary cells were more responsive to mAMSA, novo still abrogated mAMSA toxicity in the mutant cells as well as in the parental Chinese hamster ovary cells 2,4-Dinitrophenol acted similarly to novo with respect to mAMSA killing, but neither compound reduced the ATP content of V79 cells.
  • (3) Richard Bull Woodbridge, Suffolk • Why does Britain need Chinese money to build a new atomic generator ( Letters , 20 October)?
  • (4) The amino acid pools in Chinese hamster lung V79 cells were measured as a function of time during hyperthermic exposure at 40.5 degrees and 45.0 degrees C. Sixteen of the 20 protein amino acids were present in sufficient quantity to measure accurately.
  • (5) Stimulation of dopamine D2 receptors potentiates Ca2+ ionophore- or ATP-induced arachidonic acid (AA) release in D2 receptor cDNA-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells [CHO(D2)].
  • (6) Unions have complained about the process for Chinese-backed companies to bring overseas workers to Australia for projects worth at least $150m, because the memorandum of understanding says “there will be no requirement for labour market testing” to enter into an investment facilitation arrangements (IFA).
  • (7) The young European idealist who helped Leon Brittan, the British EU commissioner, to negotiate Chinese entry to the World Trade Organisation, also found his Spanish lawyer wife in Brussels.
  • (8) After approximately 20 in vitro passages, Chinese hamster kidney (CHK) cell cultures transformed upon exposure to different strains of SV 40 can show a diploid modal chromosome number of 22 with chromosome counts exclusively or essentially in the diploid range (20-25).
  • (9) Stable mutants which are between 1.6- and 2.2-fold resistant to the microtubule inhibitor, nocodazole (NocR mutants) have been isolated in Chinese hamster ovary cells after a single-step selection.
  • (10) During Pakistan's recent floods, Chinese aid totalled $18m; the US gave nearly $700m.
  • (11) It was previously demonstrated that multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster cell lines contain an amplified, transcriptionally active DNA sequence designated mdr.
  • (12) Following an encephalopathic illness, a 13-year-old Chinese boy had a partial form of Klüver-Bucy syndrome with emotional disturbance, recent memory loss, hypersexuality, and polyphagia.
  • (13) The majority of the patients were Chinese (78.0%), followed by Malays (11.5%), Indians (8.1%) and other minority races (2.4%).
  • (14) The Chinese model of development, which combines political repression and economic liberalism, has attracted numerous admirers in the developing world.
  • (15) To determine where in the cell cycle Chinese hamster ovary cells die following heating in G1, a mild hyperthermia treatment, i.e., 10 or 11.5 min at 45.5 degrees C, resulting in 40-50% cell kill was used.
  • (16) China’s stock market rout Shanghai stocks Chinese shares have tumbled in recent weeks against the backdrop of a slowdown in the world’s second-largest economy .
  • (17) China's relations with the NTC were strained last week when it emerged Chinese arms firms had talked to Muammar Gaddafi's representatives about weapons sales .
  • (18) In addition to the threat of industrial espionage to sustain this position, there is an inherent risk of Chinese equipment being used for intelligence purposes.
  • (19) There are, however, some promising signs among Chinese companies of their openness to dealing with human rights issues.
  • (20) We now report on the Singapore Chinese experience, in which the following changes were notable: decreases in rates of cancers of the stomach and oesophagus and increases in rates of cancers of the lung, colon, rectum, skin (excluding melanoma), breast and ovary.

Mandarin


Definition:

  • (n.) A Chinese public officer or nobleman; a civil or military official in China and Annam.
  • (n.) A small orange, with easily separable rind. It is thought to be of Chinese origin, and is counted a distinct species (Citrus nobilis)mandarin orange; tangerine --.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) It is not so much a problem affecting a specific cultivation, but rather a conflict of food security.” Citrus crops have already been hit by the heat this year, with production of some types of mandarins and clementines forecast to be down by as much as 25%.
  • (2) Chinese New Year is a public holiday and in Glodok, Mandarin and other dialects are spoken openly.
  • (3) The non-English parts of the UK are represented by Sir Emyr Jones Parry, the former British ambassador to the United Nations and Foreign Office mandarin who chaired the All Wales convention on the Welsh assembly's lawmaking powers, Professor Charlie Jeffery, of Edinburgh University's academy of government, and Professor Yvonne Galligan, of Queen's University Belfast.
  • (4) The purpose of the present study is to explore both the effects of age and the semantic and syntactic structures of reading materials on the omission rate of "de", the most frequently used character in Mandarin.
  • (5) Despite the country’s tremendous fiscal consolidation – a record in the history of the EU – senior EU mandarins, from the euro group president Jeroen Dijsselbloem, to the monetary affairs commissioner Olli Rehn, and Wolfgang Schauble, the German finance minister, are all at pains to emphasise that there is still “a great deal to be done” (even if Schauble has increasingly adopted a sweet tone when he speaks about matters Greek).
  • (6) "The way we acquired information was sometimes illegal," Humphrey said in Mandarin.
  • (7) Indeed, there is a rising anxiety amongst US public and private sector mandarins surrounding Iran’s apparent digital prowess, as evinced by research the Guardian was briefed on ahead of its September release.
  • (8) Sir Stephen Lamport, the prince’s former private secretary, and the veteran Whitehall mandarin Sir Alex Allan, were called to give evidence in favour of keeping the letters secret, but they failed to persuade the three tribunal judges, who ordered the letters to be published in September 2012.
  • (9) She experienced asthmatic attacks while picking leaves and harvesting mandarin oranges.
  • (10) It was launched on Wednesday with a party at the Mandarin Oriental hotel next door – an event so glittering that Formula One overlord Bernie Ecclestone was in attendance and überchef Heston Blumenthal did the catering.
  • (11) The requests were originally refused by Whitehall mandarins, who were supported by the information commissioner in a December 2009 ruling.
  • (12) As Johnson piled the pressure on Romney, the Republican was at the nearby Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park for a fundraiser in central London on Thursday night.
  • (13) After activists staged stunts outside Mandarin Oriental Hotels in London and New York and people took to the hotel chain’s Facebook page to voice their disapproval, it was only a matter of days before Astra issued a statement announcing an immediate moratorium on deforestation .
  • (14) Theresa May has been accused of irresponsible “civil service bashing” by the mandarins’ union after using an interview to criticise Whitehall staff.
  • (15) Winterton challenged the £1.1m cost of an audit of MPs' expenses by Sir Thomas Legg, describing the former mandarin's salary for chairing the review as "megabucks".
  • (16) David Cameron has accused him of cowardice, his mandarins are being accused of bias and UK ministers are trying to usurp his role as Scotland's most influential ambassador.
  • (17) The Mandarin could have been a better villain, maybe.")
  • (18) Grab a table if you're arriving late enough for the restaurant section to have emptied, and make the barman get his big grinder out by ordering a mandarinha – Beija-Flor cachaça, mandarin syrup, lime juice and black pepper.
  • (19) The Institute for Government has just produced research which points out that neither the Foreign Office nor the Treasury has ever been headed by a female mandarin.
  • (20) I know of no one here,” an anonymous senior official told the Guardian at the time, “who would dissent from the view that morale is the worst in living memory.” The part of the Treasury where the threatened mandarins worked became known as “the corridor of death”.