(n.) A white amorphous horny substance forming the harder part of the outer integument of insects, crustacea, and various other invertebrates; entomolin.
Example Sentences:
(1) The effect of O-(carboxymethyl)chitins (CM-chitins) on the activation of mouse-peritoneal macrophages in vivo and their mitogenic activity on mouse spleen-cells were investigated.
(2) The pH activity profile, cofactor requirements, and kinetic parameters of the endogenously activated chitin synthase were identical to those of the trypsin-activated enzyme in protoplast membranes.
(3) Results obtained from isotopic dilution experiments are consistent with the operation of the chitin pathway as it has been established in fungal preparations.
(4) The significance of these results is discussed in connection with the mechanism of chitin synthesis and cell wall morphogenesis in S. cerevisiae.
(5) Here we show that the nodulation genes of this bacterium determine the production of a large family of Nod-factors which are N-acylated chitin pentamers carrying a variety of substituents.
(6) In a permeabilized-cell assay, Oct-Gln-UPOC had a 10-fold-lower inhibitory activity toward chitin synthetase than did the Oct-Lys-UPOC analog.
(7) The preparation yielded an apparent Km of 3.9 mg chitin ml-1 [17.6 mM-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) equivalents] and V of 2.3 nmol GlcNAc formed min-1 (mg protein)-1.
(8) In the case of the [14C]chitin synthesized, which does not show inhibition by alpha factor, the lowering of the specific activity of the precursor is exactly compensated for by an increased rate of chitin synthesis caused by alpha factor.
(9) Chitin derivatives are also used in things like contact lens, surgical stitches and artificial skin.
(10) The inhibitor was effective against crude or purified (chitosome) preparations of chitin synthetase.
(11) After 3 h incubation with tioconazole, 1 microgram ml-1, the incorporation of the radiolabelled glucose into chitin of intact cells and regenerating spheroplasts of C. albicans was inhibited by 43% and 30%, respectively.
(12) Electron microscopy has revealed that chitin from a representative selection of insect orders (plus one crustacean and one arachnid) is localized in crystallites about 2.8 nm across.
(13) When dividing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were exposed to the polysaccharide-binding dye Congo red, the walls and septa became sites of chitin accumulation.
(14) Partially O-hydroxyethylated chitin (glycol chitin) was used as a substrate in the purification and characterization of this enzyme.
(15) In view of the small molecular size and high lipid solubility of methyl mercury and the lipophilic properties of the chitin-protein exoskeleton of the lobster, it is likely that significant uptake directly from the water as well as storage of absorbed methyl mercury occurred in the tail region.
(16) This confirmed that S. pombe cell wall is devoid of chitin.
(17) Adjuvant activity of chitin derivatives was examined in guinea-pigs and mice.
(18) DFB inhibits chitin synthesis and growth of imaginal epidermis in insects and suppresses melanogenesis and uptake of nucleosides in mouse melanoma cells, but the means of cell growth regulation and the role of metabolism of DFB in such regulation have not been established.
(19) These microfibers have a diameter of 80 A and may consist of chitin crystallites surrounded by a matrix coat.
(20) Chemical analysis of adult females of Onchocerca gibsoni gave estimated chitin contents of 200-500 micrograms (g dry weight)-1.
Fungus
Definition:
(n.) Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.
(n.) A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) The fate of the inhibited fungus is the subject of this report.
(2) Binding of fibronectin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, to Candida albicans was measured, and adherence of the fungus to immobilized ECM proteins, fibronectin, laminin, types I and IV collagen, and subendothelial ECM was studied.
(3) Cycloheximide and chloramphenicol in combination have a greater effect on yeast cells of Histoplasma capsulatum than on the mycelial phase of this fungus.
(4) Two new isomeric delta-lactones 2 and 3 have been isolated from the marine fungus Helicascus kanaloanus (ATCC 18591).
(5) The manganese peroxidase (MnP), from the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, an H2O2-dependent heme enzyme, oxidizes a variety of organic compounds but only in the presence of Mn(II).
(6) They induced modifications in particle distribution, a blebbing of particle-free areas and the appearance of lamellar figures on the plasma membrane of fungus cells.
(7) Polyribonucleotide segments, about 60 nucleotides long and consisting of about 95% adenylic acid residues, were isolated from whole cell ribonucleic acid of the deuteromyceteous fungus Trichoderma viride.
(8) There was no significant change in proportion among G (+), G (-) and fungus groups.
(9) The degree of binding differed according to the morphological form of the fungus.
(10) Ion-exchange chromatography showed that this fungus produced multiple molecular forms of LPO.
(11) Subsequent culture is desirable but not always possible.A simple scheme for identifying fungi and fungus-like organisms is presented based on general morphology, staining, and other special characteristics with notes on types of tissue reactions and common pitfalls.
(12) Nevertheless, the finding that MST and CFU studies were loosely correlated in a few strains of mice indicated that the proliferation of the fungus in the kidneys was not always the major cause of death.
(13) Torulopsis glabrata is a yeast-like fungus with increasing importance as an opportunistic human pathogen.
(14) The fungus was demonstrated in the lesions and was isolated from the diseased parts as well as from the air, floor and walls of the breeding cabin.
(15) Morphologic features of Malassezia(M.) furfur in the horny layer from clinical lesions of tinea versicolor were examined by scanning electron microscopy and compared with the appearance of fungus in the horny layer from normal skin and in culture.
(16) medicaginis and eliminated the inhibitory effect showed by this fungus on strain A2 of R. meliloti.
(17) The authors observed maximum simultaneous biosynthesis of antibiotic and pigment in the microphilic fungus with using 48-hour seed mycelium having the specific growth rate of 0.008-0.011 h-1 in an amount of 5-7 per cent (v).
(18) Once the fungus enters the hair cortex just above the hair bulb, it produces myriads of spores that remain trapped and hidden beneath the cuticle for the length of the intact hair.
(19) DNA isolated from the wild-type aflatoxin-producing (Afl+) fungus Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 5862 was used to construct a cosmid genomic DNA library employing the homologous gene (pyrG) encoding orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase for selection of fungal transformants.
(20) The fungus was not recovered from the brains of normal mice.