(a.) Having the nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.
Example Sentences:
(1) The effect of O-(carboxymethyl)chitins (CM-chitins) on the activation of mouse-peritoneal macrophages in vivo and their mitogenic activity on mouse spleen-cells were investigated.
(2) The pH activity profile, cofactor requirements, and kinetic parameters of the endogenously activated chitin synthase were identical to those of the trypsin-activated enzyme in protoplast membranes.
(3) Results obtained from isotopic dilution experiments are consistent with the operation of the chitin pathway as it has been established in fungal preparations.
(4) The significance of these results is discussed in connection with the mechanism of chitin synthesis and cell wall morphogenesis in S. cerevisiae.
(5) Here we show that the nodulation genes of this bacterium determine the production of a large family of Nod-factors which are N-acylated chitin pentamers carrying a variety of substituents.
(6) In a permeabilized-cell assay, Oct-Gln-UPOC had a 10-fold-lower inhibitory activity toward chitin synthetase than did the Oct-Lys-UPOC analog.
(7) The preparation yielded an apparent Km of 3.9 mg chitin ml-1 [17.6 mM-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) equivalents] and V of 2.3 nmol GlcNAc formed min-1 (mg protein)-1.
(8) In the case of the [14C]chitin synthesized, which does not show inhibition by alpha factor, the lowering of the specific activity of the precursor is exactly compensated for by an increased rate of chitin synthesis caused by alpha factor.
(9) Chitin derivatives are also used in things like contact lens, surgical stitches and artificial skin.
(10) The inhibitor was effective against crude or purified (chitosome) preparations of chitin synthetase.
(11) After 3 h incubation with tioconazole, 1 microgram ml-1, the incorporation of the radiolabelled glucose into chitin of intact cells and regenerating spheroplasts of C. albicans was inhibited by 43% and 30%, respectively.
(12) Electron microscopy has revealed that chitin from a representative selection of insect orders (plus one crustacean and one arachnid) is localized in crystallites about 2.8 nm across.
(13) When dividing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were exposed to the polysaccharide-binding dye Congo red, the walls and septa became sites of chitin accumulation.
(14) Partially O-hydroxyethylated chitin (glycol chitin) was used as a substrate in the purification and characterization of this enzyme.
(15) In view of the small molecular size and high lipid solubility of methyl mercury and the lipophilic properties of the chitin-protein exoskeleton of the lobster, it is likely that significant uptake directly from the water as well as storage of absorbed methyl mercury occurred in the tail region.
(16) This confirmed that S. pombe cell wall is devoid of chitin.
(17) Adjuvant activity of chitin derivatives was examined in guinea-pigs and mice.
(18) DFB inhibits chitin synthesis and growth of imaginal epidermis in insects and suppresses melanogenesis and uptake of nucleosides in mouse melanoma cells, but the means of cell growth regulation and the role of metabolism of DFB in such regulation have not been established.
(19) These microfibers have a diameter of 80 A and may consist of chitin crystallites surrounded by a matrix coat.
(20) Chemical analysis of adult females of Onchocerca gibsoni gave estimated chitin contents of 200-500 micrograms (g dry weight)-1.
Oospore
Definition:
(n.) A special kind of spore resulting from the fertilization of an oosphere by antherozoids.
(n.) A fertilized oosphere in the ovule of a flowering plant.
Example Sentences:
(1) Encapsulated sexual stages (oospores), held at 23-26 degrees C for up to 35 days or frozen for 8-10 days, were infective to mosquito larvae for up to 48 days after immersion in water and during that time over 50% of the oospores germinated.
(2) Enrichment of the phospholipid fraction of total cell lipid of P. ultimum with unsaturated fatty acids promoted oospore induction, and enhanced levels of unsaturated fatty acids in the neutral lipid fraction increased oospore viability.
(3) The rates of development of Lagenidium giganteum were determined in the four larval instars of Culex quinquefasciatus Say held at 15, 20, 25, 27, 30, and 34 degrees C. The fastest development was in second instars held at 34 degrees; vesicles and oospores occurred in 50% of the larvae (the median development time) 19.7 and 25.0 h, respectively, after infection.
(4) The greatest median time to the formation of vesicles was in third instars at 15 degrees C (185.6 h) and for oospores was in second instars at 15 degrees C (152.3 h).
(5) The fungus did not form oospores in fourth instars at 15 degrees C. The median developmental rates of vesicles and oospores in each instar were fit to the Sharpe & DeMichele model, which may be used to predict the effects of different temperatures on the in-vivo developmental rate of the fungus.
(6) For some pythiaceous fungi, the levels of sterols required for the maturation of oospores with appropriate phospholipid medium supplementation suggest that these compounds are necessary only for the sparking and critical domain roles previously described in other fungi.
(7) The antheridial protoplast migrates through a pore in the adjacent wall and fuses with the oogonial protoplast to produce a thick-walled reticulate oospore.
(8) quinquefasciatus at 6-7 days after treatment while encapsulated oospores gave 100% control at 11 days posttreatment.
(9) The formation of oogonia, antheridia, and oospores also occurred.
(10) Oospores which were desiccated in the field following application provided consistently high larval infection levels after reflooding of the fields.
(11) aphanidermatum and P. myriotylum grew from mycelium on GAM, but their oospores did not germinate nor could they be isolated from soilon this medium.
(12) This species produces echinulate, spherical oospores.
(13) The fungus is rapidly cleared from mice following intraperitoneal injection of large quantities of mycelium and oospores.
(14) Induction and maturation of the sexual stage (oospores) of the facultative mosquito parasite Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) are complex developmental processes regulated by calcium-dependent events.
(15) Enrichment of the polar and neutral lipid fractions of the LGCA and LGBS strains with unsaturated fatty acids promoted oospore induction, and increased oospore viability.
(16) A calcium chelator (EGTA), an ionophore (chlortetracycline), and inhibitors of the calcium-binding protein calmodulin (dibucaine, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine) disrupted several discrete developmental steps associated with oosporogenesis: induction of antheridia, gametangial fusion, meiosis, oospore wall formation, and subsequent spore maturation.
(17) P. oligandrum oospores germinated abundantly when host species were present.
(18) A third isolate of this mosquito pathogen, the North Carolina strain (LGNC), requires sterols plus phospholipids to produce oospores in vitro.
(19) The requirement for an exogenous source of sterols for sexual reproduction by several members of the Pythiaceae has been questioned by reports of apparent induction and maturation of oospores on defined media supplemented with phospholipids in the absence of sterols.
(20) Using developmentally synchronized cultures of Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales), a facultative parasite of mosquito larvae, it has been documented that oxidative lipid metabolism is necessary for the induction and subsequent maturation of its sexual stage, the oospore.