(a.) Having the nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.
Example Sentences:
(1) The effect of O-(carboxymethyl)chitins (CM-chitins) on the activation of mouse-peritoneal macrophages in vivo and their mitogenic activity on mouse spleen-cells were investigated.
(2) The pH activity profile, cofactor requirements, and kinetic parameters of the endogenously activated chitin synthase were identical to those of the trypsin-activated enzyme in protoplast membranes.
(3) Results obtained from isotopic dilution experiments are consistent with the operation of the chitin pathway as it has been established in fungal preparations.
(4) The significance of these results is discussed in connection with the mechanism of chitin synthesis and cell wall morphogenesis in S. cerevisiae.
(5) Here we show that the nodulation genes of this bacterium determine the production of a large family of Nod-factors which are N-acylated chitin pentamers carrying a variety of substituents.
(6) In a permeabilized-cell assay, Oct-Gln-UPOC had a 10-fold-lower inhibitory activity toward chitin synthetase than did the Oct-Lys-UPOC analog.
(7) The preparation yielded an apparent Km of 3.9 mg chitin ml-1 [17.6 mM-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) equivalents] and V of 2.3 nmol GlcNAc formed min-1 (mg protein)-1.
(8) In the case of the [14C]chitin synthesized, which does not show inhibition by alpha factor, the lowering of the specific activity of the precursor is exactly compensated for by an increased rate of chitin synthesis caused by alpha factor.
(9) Chitin derivatives are also used in things like contact lens, surgical stitches and artificial skin.
(10) The inhibitor was effective against crude or purified (chitosome) preparations of chitin synthetase.
(11) After 3 h incubation with tioconazole, 1 microgram ml-1, the incorporation of the radiolabelled glucose into chitin of intact cells and regenerating spheroplasts of C. albicans was inhibited by 43% and 30%, respectively.
(12) Electron microscopy has revealed that chitin from a representative selection of insect orders (plus one crustacean and one arachnid) is localized in crystallites about 2.8 nm across.
(13) When dividing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were exposed to the polysaccharide-binding dye Congo red, the walls and septa became sites of chitin accumulation.
(14) Partially O-hydroxyethylated chitin (glycol chitin) was used as a substrate in the purification and characterization of this enzyme.
(15) In view of the small molecular size and high lipid solubility of methyl mercury and the lipophilic properties of the chitin-protein exoskeleton of the lobster, it is likely that significant uptake directly from the water as well as storage of absorbed methyl mercury occurred in the tail region.
(16) This confirmed that S. pombe cell wall is devoid of chitin.
(17) Adjuvant activity of chitin derivatives was examined in guinea-pigs and mice.
(18) DFB inhibits chitin synthesis and growth of imaginal epidermis in insects and suppresses melanogenesis and uptake of nucleosides in mouse melanoma cells, but the means of cell growth regulation and the role of metabolism of DFB in such regulation have not been established.
(19) These microfibers have a diameter of 80 A and may consist of chitin crystallites surrounded by a matrix coat.
(20) Chemical analysis of adult females of Onchocerca gibsoni gave estimated chitin contents of 200-500 micrograms (g dry weight)-1.
Scute
Definition:
(n.) A small shield.
(n.) An old French gold coin of the value of 3s. 4d. sterling, or about 80 cents.
(n.) A bony scale of a reptile or fish; a large horny scale on the leg of a bird, or on the belly of a snake.
Example Sentences:
(1) The number of the long thoracic chaetae of heterozygote females born from crosses between a scute stock and various wild strains can be less than eight.
(2) Immunocytochemical studies demonstrate that the achaete-scute and daughterless genes are required for proper expression of cpo in the PNS but not in other cells that express cpo.
(3) These and other data suggest that the excess function phenotypes of Hw mutations are generated by an increase in achaete or scute transcripts.
(4) Surprisingly, we also find that the level of achaete-scute activity influences the level of hairy expression, thereby providing feedback control upon achaete-scute activity and sensory organ formation.
(5) The scutes were ingested during a period of neglect by the owner.
(6) Although different at their 3' untranslated regions, both cDNAs predict a protein with primary amino acid sequence homology to the previously described amphipathic helix-loop-helix DNA binding and dimerization motif of the Ly1-1, myc, MyoD, immunoglobulin enhancer binding, daughterless, and achaete-scute families of genes.
(7) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of two genes of the achaete - scute complex (AS-C) and show that they are homologous to two previously sequenced members of the same locus.
(8) All three encode a sequence similar to one of the conserved domains of representatives of the vertebrate myc gene family which is also present in the deduced protein sequences of the Drosophila achaete-scute gene complex.
(9) The pro-neural class of genes, for example, the achaete-scute complex, participates in the initial decision to make each uniquely positioned neuroblast or sensory organ, but are initially expressed in groups of cells.
(10) However, replacing the basic region of MyoD with the analogous sequence of other HLH proteins (the immunoglobulin enhancer binding E12 protein or T4 achaete scute protein) allows DNA binding in vitro, yet abolishes muscle-specific gene activation.
(11) The predicted protein product of the lyl-1 gene contains a potential helix-loop-helix DNA binding motif also found in several proteins involved in the control of cellular proliferation and differentiation: all members of the Myc family, MyoD1, myogenin, the Drosophila achaete-scute, twist, and daughterless proteins, and two recently described immunoglobulin enhancer binding proteins.
(12) According to these and previous data, the AS-C is organized, distally to proximally, as follows: the achaete region, with most of its DNA (10 kb) located upstream from the putative achaete (T5) gene; an intermediate region, approximately 18 kb long, whose deletion only weakly affects the scute function; and the scute region, with most of the DNA critical for its function extending 4-5 kb upstream and 50 kb downstream of the putative scute (T4) gene.
(13) Essentially, the double alterations of yellow and scute phenotypes constitute more than 40% of all derivatives.
(14) The achaete-scute T3 and MyoD proteins do not form kappa E2-binding heterodimers together, and no active complex with N-myc was evident.
(15) The achaete and scute mutations lead to reduction of bristles and hairs on head and thorax.
(16) The need for the technique was motivated by a study describing longitudinal growth data from the annuli on abdominal scutes of groups of western painted turtles.
(17) Family selection for directional asymmetry in the expression of the Drosophila melanogaster mutant scute had no result.
(18) The deduced amino acid sequence of clone Myf-5 reveals a region which is highly similar to myc proteins and the developmental factors from Drosophila encoded by the achaete scute locus and the twist gene.
(19) We have confirmed this model by showing that misexpression of the achaete-scute T4 gene induces ectopic Sxl expression and male-specific lethality, confirming that achaete-scute T4 is the sisterless-b counting element.
(20) In the mutants, neuronal precursor cells do not differentiate, suggesting that Hairless might be involved in specifying or realizing neuronal fate in the fly, similar to the 'pro-neural' genes of the achaete-scute complex.