(n.) An under garment among the ancient Greeks, nearly representing the modern shirt.
(n.) One of a group of gastropod mollusks, with a shell composed of eight movable dorsal plates. See Polyplacophora.
Example Sentences:
(1) A comparison is made between the chiton myoglobins and other similar O2-binding proteins.
(2) Each of the three minerals forms a discrete microarchitectural unit of the chiton denticles.
(3) Contrary to the widely accepted view that chiton sperm lack acrosomes and that fertilization in this group occurs via a micropyle, we demonstrate here that fertilization in Tonicella lineata occurs by acrosome-mediated sperm-egg fusion.
(4) X-ray diffraction patterns show that the mature denticles of three extant chiton species are composed of the mineral lepidocrocite and an apatite mineral, probably francolite, in addition to magnetite.
(5) Although the rate constants associated with the reactions of individual dimer and monomer molecular species are very different, the two species of chiton investigated show remarkably similar properties when compared with each other.
(6) A possible circaseptennian rhythm is only suspected in the data from the ochre star (P = 0.14); it is rigorously described for the purple sea urchin (P less than 0.001) and also detected in the black chiton (P = 0.029) in time series covering 9.5 years, from September 1953 to April 1963 for the purple sea urchin and from January 1957 to September 1966 for the black chiton.
(7) The subunit structure and solution conformation of the hemocyanin of the chiton Acanthopleura granulata were investigated by light-scattering, ultracentrifugation, viscosity, absorbance, and circular dichroism methods.
(8) Cephalopod and chiton hemocyanins consist of single decameric particles, while gastropods have hemocyanins organized of di-decamers or higher assemblies.
(9) The subunit dissociation of the hemocyanins from five members of the Polyplacophora families, Acanthochitonidae, Callistoplacidae, Chitonidae, Ischnochitonidae and Mopalidae, represented by the chitons Cryptochiton stelleri, Nutallina fluxa, Acanthopleura granulata, Stenoplax conspicua and Mopalia mucosa, respectively, have been investigated by light-scattering molecular-weight and ultracentrifugation methods, using the hydrophobic reagents of the urea series and the Hofmeister salt series as probes of the contact areas of the hemocyanin subunits.
(10) Although hemocyanins have been reported in chitons, gastropods, and cephalopods, they have not been observed in the Class Bivalvia.
(11) Electron microscopy of the subradular organ of the chiton Lepidochitona cinereus (L) reveals at least three cell types, microvillous, ciliated and mucus-secreting, situated in a single epithelium.
(12) An increase and decrease in staining intensity subsequent to treatment with anti-LM4b and anti-LM2, respectively, was observed in digestive gland microsomes from BNF-treated chiton.
(13) Yoldia thraciaeformis and A. castrensis hemocyanins chromatograph on Sepharose 4B gel close to gastropod hemocyanin (Mr = 9 x 10(6] rather than chiton hemocyanin (Mr = 4 x 10(6].
(14) The shells of the chitons Lepidochitona cinereus, Sypharochiton pelliserpentis, Amaurochiton glaucus and Onithochiton neglectus were examined by scanning electron microscopy.
(15) The form of the path of attracted chiton sperm is like that observed during chemotaxis of the sperm of the hydroid Tubularia and the tunicate Ciona and resembles the behavior of Ciona sperm in that there is no increase in velocity as the cells move up the gradient.
(16) This is the first indication that lepidocrocite is precipitated by marine organisms and an apatite mineral by chitons.
(17) Observations of sperm behavior in the vicinity of gradients of egg-water or alcohol extracts of whole freshly-spawned eggs of several chitons reveal what appear to be directed movements of sperm up the gradient, resulting in the aggregation of motile sperm at the gradient source.
(18) Data series from the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), a mollusk, the black chiton (Katharina tunicata), and the ochre sea star (Pisaster ochraceus), exhibiting circannual periods of 368, 361, and 365 days, have relatively tight 95% limits of 356-387, 356-367, and 359-371 days, respectively, when scrutinized by nonlinear least-squares rhythmometry.
(19) Newly metamorphosed chitons superficially resemble adult animals, but they lack the adult girdle ornaments, shell sculpture, and coloration.
(20) A method has been devised for isolating the calcium biomineral from the iron biominerals and organic components present in the major lateral teeth of the chiton Acanthopleura hirtosa.
Mollusc
Definition:
(n.) Same as Mollusk.
Example Sentences:
(1) The four hosts (Mollusc -- Crustacean -- Odonat -- Amphibian) are obligatory in the life cycle for it is impossible to infect the Insects directly with the cecariae or the frog (tadpoles as well as adults) with the mesocercariae.
(2) A newly developed method of internal dialysis was applied together with the voltage clamp method to the isolated neurons of molluscs Helix pomatia and Limnea stagnalis.
(3) We have demonstrated that M. edulis, a marine bivalve mollusc, reacts to the vertebrate monokines interleukin-1, -6 and TNF.
(4) On the other hand, the major arsenic compound in fish, crustacea and molluscs has been identified as arsenobetaine, which is an arseno-analog of glycinebetaine, a very common osmo-regulator in living organisms.
(5) The microsporidia are a group of unusual, obligately parasitic protists that infect a great variety of other eukaryotes, including vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, annelids, nematodes, cnidaria and even various ciliates, myxosporidia and gregarines.
(6) Natural crystals of ferritin occurring in the yolk platelets of a mollusc oocyte were studied.
(7) Sensory neurons of the photic pathway in the nudibranch mollusc Hermissenda crassicornis are cholinergic and the synaptic interactions between the photic and vestibular systems have been well characterized electrophysiologically.
(8) Whatever the type of TM-NTM association (lasting association, during prepatent period and production period, association only during the exposure of the molluscs to the miracidia), the presence of NTM involved a significant increase of S. mansoni cercarial production.
(9) It was demonstrated earlier that PAF-positive cells located in the gut epithelium of the same molluscs show immunostaining with mammalian anti-insulin serum which indicates the production of insulin or insulin-like substance.
(10) The fluorescent dye 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (5-CF) travels quickly up the nerves of the gastropod mollusc, Lymnaea stagnalis into the buccal ganglia and fills the cell bodies in 1-3 h. 5-CF filled neurones can be located in the intact ganglia with low intensity blue light.
(11) Recently, such a developmental strategy has been used to investigate the functional assembly of different forms of non-associative learning (habituation, dishabituation and sensitization) in the marine mollusc Aplysia.
(12) Habituation, one of the simplest behavioral paradigms for studying memory, has recently been examined on the cellular level in the gill-withdrawal reflex in the mollusc Aplysia and in the escape response in cray-fish.
(13) The anti-G beta, gamma antibodies recognized a 35-36-kDa protein in brain of vertebrates such as mammals (rat), avians (pigeon), amphibians (frog), fish (trout), and reptiles (turtle) but not in the invertebrates such as molluscs (snail) and insects (locust).
(14) We have studied the effects of dopamine on the gill withdrawal reflex evoked by tactile siphon stimulation in the margine mollusc Aplysia.
(15) It seems that most mollusc infections occur in February-March and at the end of summer-beginning of autumn periods.
(16) The development of microparticulate food particles for marine suspension-feeders is discussed with respect to the difficulties of nutrient delivery in the aquatic environment and to feeding and digestion in crustacea and bivalve molluscs.
(17) The structure and function of the digestive gland of the gastropod mollusc, Bithynia tentaculata, was investigated using ultrastructural, histochemical, and cytochemical techniques.
(18) The bag cells of the marine mollusc Aplysia are well-characterized neuroendocrine cells that initiate egg laying, but the natural stimulus triggering bag-cell activity has not been determined.
(19) Immunochemically, the major common epitope expressed by the neutral fraction glycolipids of the 3 taeniid species is the same or very similar to the glycosphingolipid, neogalatriaosyl ceramide derived from the marine mollusc Turbo cornutus (Gal(beta 1-6) Gal(beta 1-6) Gal(beta 1-1)Cer).
(20) Pharmacologic activation of endogenous protein kinase C (PKC) together with elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ level was previously shown to cause reduction of two voltage-dependent K+ currents (IA and ICa2+-K+) across the soma membrane of the type B photoreceptor within the eye of the mollusc Hermissenda crassicornis.