What's the difference between chloral and chloralism?
Chloral
Definition:
(n.) A colorless oily liquid, CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl alcohol.
(n.) Chloral hydrate.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the present experiments, single unit recording and microiontophoretic techniques were used to determine the effects of benzodiazepines on DA and non-DA neurons in the VTA of chloral hydrate anesthetized rats.
(2) The effects of clozapine on the spontaneous firing rate of noradrenergic (NE, locus coeruleus), dopaminergic (DA, zona compacta, ventral tegmental area) and non-dopaminergic (zona reticulata) neurons was studied in chloral hydrate anesthetized rats.
(3) (2) Highly aneuploid and polyploid types were induced in diploid and haploid germinating conidia by chloral hydrate but not to any significant extent by gamma-rays.
(4) When the mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate prior to preparation of tissue slices, morphine produced a dose-dependent suppression of noradrenergic neuronal activity.
(5) We tested nine (cadmium chloride, chloral hydrate, colchicine, diazepam, econazole nitrate, hydroquinone, pyrimethamine, thiabendazole, thimerosal) of the 10 known or suspected spindle poisons of the coordinated programme to study aneuploidy induction sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities using Saccharomyces cerevisiae D61.M (mitotic chromosomal malsegregation system).
(6) Isolated mouse lung Clara cells were shown to metabolize trichloroethylene to chloral, trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid.
(7) At elevated pH and temperature, chloral hydrate readily decomposed and chloroform and formic acid were detected as products.
(8) Capillary mean transit time was determined by detection of the passage of a hemodilution bolus through a region of the parietal cerebral cortical surface, using a reflectance spectrophotometer through a small craniotomy in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.
(9) This protective effect of chloral hydrate was not due to an anesthetic-induced hypothermia but may be related to the hypothesized role of dopamine in the neurotoxic effects of MDMA.
(10) Anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin, barbiturates), anxiolytics (diazepam, bromazepam), as well as other drugs or hormones such as lithium, chloral hydrate, L-tryptophan or L-thyroxine did not interfere with the assay.
(11) These values were significantly less (P less than 0.01) than control values only in those patients receiving chloral hydrate who did not cooperate.
(12) The electrophysiological effects of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist (+)-MK-801 (MK-801) on nigrostriatal and mesoaccumbal dopaminergic (DA) neurons were evaluated in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.
(13) enhances activity of several hypnotic drugs (pentobarbital, barbital, chloral hydrate) in mice but is without effect upon hypnotic activity of ethanol.
(14) SKF 38393 exerted no effect in reserpinized rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate.
(15) Significant increases in CREST-positive micronuclei were produced by cadmium chloride, chloral hydrate, colchicine, diazepam and vinblastine.
(16) Body temperature rises briefly, sleep induced with chloral hydrate is shortened, and high doses enhance amphetamine-induced stereotypy.
(17) Analysis of our experimental findings suggests that chloral hydrate exerts a specific anxiolytic drug effect that can be potentiated by concurrent treatment with nitrous oxide.
(18) All additives tested (ethyl alcohol, glycerine, chloral hydrate, ethylene and propylene glycol, and citric, malonic and maleic acids) in varying degrees limited the conversion of hematein to insoluble compounds.
(19) The only side effect found was vomiting in one patient with both chloral hydrate and diazepam.
(20) A synergistic relationship is illustrated with the loss of righting reflex after combinations of ethanol and chloral hydrate.
Chloralism
Definition:
(n.) A morbid condition of the system resulting from excessive use of chloral.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the present experiments, single unit recording and microiontophoretic techniques were used to determine the effects of benzodiazepines on DA and non-DA neurons in the VTA of chloral hydrate anesthetized rats.
(2) The effects of clozapine on the spontaneous firing rate of noradrenergic (NE, locus coeruleus), dopaminergic (DA, zona compacta, ventral tegmental area) and non-dopaminergic (zona reticulata) neurons was studied in chloral hydrate anesthetized rats.
(3) (2) Highly aneuploid and polyploid types were induced in diploid and haploid germinating conidia by chloral hydrate but not to any significant extent by gamma-rays.
(4) When the mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate prior to preparation of tissue slices, morphine produced a dose-dependent suppression of noradrenergic neuronal activity.
(5) We tested nine (cadmium chloride, chloral hydrate, colchicine, diazepam, econazole nitrate, hydroquinone, pyrimethamine, thiabendazole, thimerosal) of the 10 known or suspected spindle poisons of the coordinated programme to study aneuploidy induction sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities using Saccharomyces cerevisiae D61.M (mitotic chromosomal malsegregation system).
(6) Isolated mouse lung Clara cells were shown to metabolize trichloroethylene to chloral, trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid.
(7) At elevated pH and temperature, chloral hydrate readily decomposed and chloroform and formic acid were detected as products.
(8) Capillary mean transit time was determined by detection of the passage of a hemodilution bolus through a region of the parietal cerebral cortical surface, using a reflectance spectrophotometer through a small craniotomy in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.
(9) This protective effect of chloral hydrate was not due to an anesthetic-induced hypothermia but may be related to the hypothesized role of dopamine in the neurotoxic effects of MDMA.
(10) Anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin, barbiturates), anxiolytics (diazepam, bromazepam), as well as other drugs or hormones such as lithium, chloral hydrate, L-tryptophan or L-thyroxine did not interfere with the assay.
(11) These values were significantly less (P less than 0.01) than control values only in those patients receiving chloral hydrate who did not cooperate.
(12) The electrophysiological effects of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist (+)-MK-801 (MK-801) on nigrostriatal and mesoaccumbal dopaminergic (DA) neurons were evaluated in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.
(13) enhances activity of several hypnotic drugs (pentobarbital, barbital, chloral hydrate) in mice but is without effect upon hypnotic activity of ethanol.
(14) SKF 38393 exerted no effect in reserpinized rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate.
(15) Significant increases in CREST-positive micronuclei were produced by cadmium chloride, chloral hydrate, colchicine, diazepam and vinblastine.
(16) Body temperature rises briefly, sleep induced with chloral hydrate is shortened, and high doses enhance amphetamine-induced stereotypy.
(17) Analysis of our experimental findings suggests that chloral hydrate exerts a specific anxiolytic drug effect that can be potentiated by concurrent treatment with nitrous oxide.
(18) All additives tested (ethyl alcohol, glycerine, chloral hydrate, ethylene and propylene glycol, and citric, malonic and maleic acids) in varying degrees limited the conversion of hematein to insoluble compounds.
(19) The only side effect found was vomiting in one patient with both chloral hydrate and diazepam.
(20) A synergistic relationship is illustrated with the loss of righting reflex after combinations of ethanol and chloral hydrate.