(n.) A colorless oily liquid, CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl alcohol.
(n.) Chloral hydrate.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the present experiments, single unit recording and microiontophoretic techniques were used to determine the effects of benzodiazepines on DA and non-DA neurons in the VTA of chloral hydrate anesthetized rats.
(2) The effects of clozapine on the spontaneous firing rate of noradrenergic (NE, locus coeruleus), dopaminergic (DA, zona compacta, ventral tegmental area) and non-dopaminergic (zona reticulata) neurons was studied in chloral hydrate anesthetized rats.
(3) (2) Highly aneuploid and polyploid types were induced in diploid and haploid germinating conidia by chloral hydrate but not to any significant extent by gamma-rays.
(4) When the mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate prior to preparation of tissue slices, morphine produced a dose-dependent suppression of noradrenergic neuronal activity.
(5) We tested nine (cadmium chloride, chloral hydrate, colchicine, diazepam, econazole nitrate, hydroquinone, pyrimethamine, thiabendazole, thimerosal) of the 10 known or suspected spindle poisons of the coordinated programme to study aneuploidy induction sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities using Saccharomyces cerevisiae D61.M (mitotic chromosomal malsegregation system).
(6) Isolated mouse lung Clara cells were shown to metabolize trichloroethylene to chloral, trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid.
(7) At elevated pH and temperature, chloral hydrate readily decomposed and chloroform and formic acid were detected as products.
(8) Capillary mean transit time was determined by detection of the passage of a hemodilution bolus through a region of the parietal cerebral cortical surface, using a reflectance spectrophotometer through a small craniotomy in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.
(9) This protective effect of chloral hydrate was not due to an anesthetic-induced hypothermia but may be related to the hypothesized role of dopamine in the neurotoxic effects of MDMA.
(10) Anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin, barbiturates), anxiolytics (diazepam, bromazepam), as well as other drugs or hormones such as lithium, chloral hydrate, L-tryptophan or L-thyroxine did not interfere with the assay.
(11) These values were significantly less (P less than 0.01) than control values only in those patients receiving chloral hydrate who did not cooperate.
(12) The electrophysiological effects of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist (+)-MK-801 (MK-801) on nigrostriatal and mesoaccumbal dopaminergic (DA) neurons were evaluated in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.
(13) enhances activity of several hypnotic drugs (pentobarbital, barbital, chloral hydrate) in mice but is without effect upon hypnotic activity of ethanol.
(14) SKF 38393 exerted no effect in reserpinized rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate.
(15) Significant increases in CREST-positive micronuclei were produced by cadmium chloride, chloral hydrate, colchicine, diazepam and vinblastine.
(16) Body temperature rises briefly, sleep induced with chloral hydrate is shortened, and high doses enhance amphetamine-induced stereotypy.
(17) Analysis of our experimental findings suggests that chloral hydrate exerts a specific anxiolytic drug effect that can be potentiated by concurrent treatment with nitrous oxide.
(18) All additives tested (ethyl alcohol, glycerine, chloral hydrate, ethylene and propylene glycol, and citric, malonic and maleic acids) in varying degrees limited the conversion of hematein to insoluble compounds.
(19) The only side effect found was vomiting in one patient with both chloral hydrate and diazepam.
(20) A synergistic relationship is illustrated with the loss of righting reflex after combinations of ethanol and chloral hydrate.
Chlorine
Definition:
(n.) One of the elementary substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is abundant in nature, the most important compound being common salt. It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent. Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4.
Example Sentences:
(1) Ether extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds were detected, e.g.
(2) The physical effects of chlorination as demonstrated by experiments with batters and cakes and by physicochemical observations of flour and its fractions are also considered.
(3) The efficacy of both PCBOH I and III derivatives required the presence of a hydroxyl moiety and increased directly with the degree of chlorination.
(4) Chlorine dioxide disproportionation products, chlorite and chlorate, were not active disinfectants.
(5) The photodynamic activity of bonellin, an integumentary chlorin of Bonellia viridis, is investigated.
(6) Lipopolysaccharide content correlated significantly with drug uptake and sensitivity, and it appeared to determine the degree of penetration of the cell envelope by these chlorinated phenols.
(7) Unexpectedly long retention times were noted for the chlorinated solvents, particularly for chloroforn, which showed a specific long-term retention in the cerebellum, meninges and spinal nerves, indicating interactions with specific nervous tissue receptors.
(8) Further the results of a test under practical conditions in a swimming pool are shown and the possibility to discriminate different types of waters by their chlorine demand under constant-titration.
(9) Chlorinated ethylenes are metabolized in mammals, as a first step, to epoxides.
(10) The ASI said the UK should be prepared to adapt its standards, pointing to an assessment by the European Food Safety Authority that the chemical rinses, including chlorine dioxide, were safe to eat.
(11) Studies of structure-transacylation relationships for a series of acylhydroxamic acids of chlorinated biphenyl ethers and their related compounds by rat liver N-arylacylhydroxamic acid-dependent N-acyltransferase (AHNAT) are described.
(12) The purpose of the study was to determine whether distribution of serum lipids, blood pressure or thyroid hormones differed according to the chlorination of water supply, or to its calcium and magnesium content (hardness).
(13) Chlorine (Cl2) gas is a potentially lung-damaging irritant which is used in the chemical, plastics, and paper industries.
(14) Recoveries by each technique varied depending on the sediment sample being extracted and degree of chlorination of PCB congeners.
(15) Rats have been exposed in a closed system to the chlorinated ethylenes vinyl chloride and trichloroethylene and to carbon tetrachloride as a reference compound.
(16) Environmental isolates of CB-5 were more resistant than the laboratory strain tested, and for two strains 12 and 22% of the input virus was still infectious after 100 min in the presence of free residual chlorine.
(17) Water is no longer chlorinated, rubbish isn't collected anymore.
(18) Other chlorinated hydrocarbons as decachlorobiphenyl, pentachloronaphthalene, hexachloronaphthalene and hexachlorostyrene were identified, but not quantified.
(19) Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analyses were performed on single hair fibers in triplicate from 103 individuals in order to determine sulfur, zinc, calcium, and chlorine content.
(20) The compounds are N-methoxymethylated or N-ethoxymethylated using phosphorus pentoxide and dimethoxymethane or diethoxymethane, respectively, in a chlorinated solvent.