What's the difference between chloranil and quinone?

Chloranil


Definition:

  • (n.) A yellow crystalline substance, C6Cl4.O2, regarded as a derivative of quinone, obtained by the action of chlorine on certain benzene derivatives, as aniline.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Instead, glutathione reacts with chloranil, producing at least three stable products, probably in a Michael-type reaction.
  • (2) Chloranil (1.25 to 1.75 ppm) treated embryos showed abnormalities of the otolith, optic cup, and general pigmentation.
  • (3) MA, which is not known to occur naturally, is produced by dehydrogenation of medroxyprogesterone acetate with chloranil.
  • (4) In relation to pentachlorophenol, no increase in fungistatic activity was found for pentachloroanisole, pentachloronitrobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenyl acetate, o- and p-chloranil, the three isomeric chlorophenols, 2,6-dichlorophenol, the three isomeric tetrachlorobenzenediols, the three isomeric tetrachlorodimethoxybenzenes, the three isomeric tetrachlorobenzenediol diacetates, and all of the isomeric mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrachloroanisoles, except for 2,3,5-trichloroanisole with Geotrichum candidadum PC 67 and for 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroanisole with Mucor circinelloides PC 1.
  • (5) The photosensitized monomerization of the cyclobutane dimers of 1,3-dimethylthymine by p-chloranil was investigated by means of steady-state irradiation and laser-flash photolysis.
  • (6) These results strongly indicate the involvement of chloranil or the semiquinone radical in the covalent binding during microsomal hexachlorobenzene metabolism.
  • (7) Consumption of OH(-) ions is also a feature of the reactions between retinol and chloranil, but the spectrum of the radical anion of chloranil is observed only when retinol and chloranil are suspended in aqueous salt solutions.
  • (8) Porphyrinogens in fresh urine may be rapidly oxidized to porphyrins by chloranil, or slowly in weakly alkaline solution, before the sample is applied to the Florisil column.
  • (9) The hydrogen-abstracting quinone derivative 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (o-chloranil) caused a strong, near stoichiometric, irreversible inactivation of the collagenases from Bacillus cereus, Clostridium histolyticum and Achromobacter iophagus.
  • (10) Alternatively, urine is added to NaHCO3 to permit quantitative conversion of porphyrinogen to porphyrin in 1 to 2 days, and assayed similarly following dilution with the same acid-alcohol diluent (with or without chloranil) or with dilute HCl solution alone.
  • (11) Traps with the bedding depth of 0.1 ev in the layers of chlorophyll alpha treated with the electron acceptor n-chloranil were discovered by the method of thermostimulating conductivity.
  • (12) The major product of microsomal oxidation of pentachlorophenol is tetrachlorohydroquinone, which is in redox-equilibrium with the corresponding semiquinone and quinone (chloranil).
  • (13) Electron spin resonance studies of the in vivo response to fungicides (chloranil and thiram) by Aspergillus niger of different ages are described.
  • (14) Nanomole quantities of inorganic sulfate were applied to a barium chloranilate column.
  • (15) The reaction products that may be formed from retinol in its reactions with TCNQ and chloranil are discussed.
  • (16) The pesticides used were chloranil and dichlone (both are fungicidal and herbicidal); diquat (herbicide); and nabam (fungicide).
  • (17) The protein--methylglyoxal complexes have electronic and dielectric properties similar to those exhibited by the perylene-chloranil charge-transfer complex.
  • (18) Corresponding amounts of chloranilate ion, released as a result of an exchange reaction, were then measured by uv absorption at 313 nm.
  • (19) In addition, flow experiments are described in which the production and decay of the chloranil semiquinone radical produced in the reaction of solutions of chloranil with extracts of bakers' yeast were monitored, both in the absence and in the presence of several buffers and respiratory chain inhibitors.
  • (20) The proposed flow injection method yielded results for the analysis of 0-20 micrograms ml(-1) of ascorbic acid that were 99-102% (relative standard deviation 0.6% or better) in agreement with those produced by comparable methods involving titration with iodine, chloranil or 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol [4-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylimino)cyclohexa-2,5-dieno ne], and high-performance liquid chromatography.

Quinone


Definition:

  • (n.) A crystalline substance, C6H4O2 (called also benzoketone), first obtained by the oxidation of quinic acid and regarded as a double ketone; also, by extension, any one of the series of which quinone proper is the type.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The thiol-conjugating capacity of quinones may, however, be applied to reduce the tissue-damaging effects of stimulated neutrophils.
  • (2) The effect of dicoumarol on glucuronidation of 3-OH-benzo(a)pyrene (BP) appears to be due to inhibition of UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and not to an inhibited DT-diaphorase (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase); to date the only enzyme known to be inhibited by dicoumarol.
  • (3) The coupled dienone-phenol re-arrangement and keto-enol tautomerism of this quinone methide produce the observed 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde.
  • (4) Moreover, it seems unlikely that quinones are involved directly (e.g.
  • (5) The second-order rate constants appear to be at least 3 orders of magnitude lower than the second-order constants for quenching of the fluorescent probes; this is taken as a clear indication that ubiquinone diffusion is not the rate-determining step in the quinone-enzyme interaction.
  • (6) 15 human tumour cell lines (lung, breast and colon) have been evaluated for their sensitivity to the quinone based anti-cancer drugs Mitomycin C, Porfiromycin, and EO9 (3-hydroxymethyl-5-aziridinyl-1-methyl-2-(IH-indole-4,7-dione)prop-beta- en-alpha-ol).
  • (7) These studies provide evidence that GHB exerts cytotoxicity specifically for cells that by their content of tyrosinase convert the phenol to the quinone.
  • (8) Comparison of these two activities for both the quinone and hydroquinone showed that the hydroquinone form had superior activities.
  • (9) Bis(alkylthio)quinones 4a-d and 5a-d, and corresponding hydroquinones 9b-d exhibited high activities both in vitro and in vivo.
  • (10) It seems that quinone pigments, especially 2-oxyjuglone, react with complex I faster than it follows from their approximate values of one-electron reduction potential calculated from their reactivities with flavocychrome b2 and adrenodoxin.
  • (11) Formation of catechol from quinone by cyst extracts was observed spectrophotometrically and chromatographically.
  • (12) The present studies were conducted to evaluate the relative effect of the parent chemical BHT and two of its major oxidative metabolites, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol (BHT-BzOH) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (BHT-quinone), on DMBA-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis and on the formation of rat mammary DMBA-DNA adducts in vivo.
  • (13) Quinones play a major role in allergic contact dermatitis caused by plants.
  • (14) The urushiol analogs 5-pentadecylresorcinol (PDR) and 3-heptadecylveratrole (HDV) which cannot form o-quinones were found to be ineffective sensitizers as well.
  • (15) Toxicity of quinone(di)imines to hepatocytes and CHO cells was not related to superoxide anion radical formation, and toxicity to CHO cells was not affected by exclusion of oxygen during exposure of the cells to the compounds.
  • (16) The activity of cytochrome P-450 reductase, which reduces quinones to hydroquinones in the estrogen redox cycle, was 6-fold higher in liver than in kidney of both control and estrogen-treated animals.
  • (17) The interaction of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) with amino groups was followed by measuring the capacity of adducts to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT).
  • (18) The menadione-induced quinone reductase was isolated from the cytoplasmic fraction of induced cells.
  • (19) Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells are plated in 96-well microtiter plates, grown for 24 h, and exposed to inducing agents for another 24 h. The cells are then lysed and quinone reductase activity is assayed by the addition of a reaction mixture containing an NADPH-generating system, menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), and MTT [3-(4,-5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide].
  • (20) quinone complex (X) was chemically reduced (state [PIX-]; P is the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll dimer, I is the long wavelength bacteriopheophytin), and compares these with the fluorescence observed when all the traps are open (state [PIX]) and with the fluorescence observed when all the traps are closed (state [P+IX]).

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