(n.) A binary compound of chlorine with another element or radical; as, chloride of sodium (common salt).
Example Sentences:
(1) This death is also dependent on the presence of chloride and is prevented with the non-selective EAA antagonist, kynurenic acid, but is not prevented by QA.
(2) Thus, saponin and ammonium chloride can be used to isolate whole infected erythrocytes, depleted of hemoglobin, by selective disruption of uninfected cells.
(3) These were an isotonic solution of sodium chloride (900 micrograms NaCl in 0.1 ml), histamine (100 mu g in 0.1 mu l), phytohaemagglutinin (200 mu g in 0.1 ml), and a staphylococcus lysate (STAVA).
(4) The following conclusions emerge: (i) when the 3' or the 3' penultimate base of the oligonucleotide mismatched an allele, no amplification product could be detected; (ii) when the mismatches were 3 and 4 bases from the 3' end of the primer, differential amplification was still observed, but only at certain concentrations of magnesium chloride; (iii) the mismatched allele can be detected in the presence of a 40-fold excess of the matched allele; (iv) primers as short as 13 nucleotides were effective; and (v) the specificity of the amplification could be overwhelmed by greatly increasing the concentration of target DNA.
(5) To determine the influence of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) adsorption on the wettability and elemental surface composition of human enamel, with and without adsorbed salivary constituents, surface-free energies and elemental compositions were determined.
(6) This suggested that some of the cell population became metabolically inactive at a very early stage, possibly owing to suboptimal conditions of growth.Glycine, lysozyme and lithium chloride initiated lysis of BCG growth in the aforementioned media 24-48 hours after inoculation.
(7) PYY inhibited the reduction in net absorption of sodium chloride and water evoked by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), but did not affect the VIP-evoked increase in net potassium secretion.
(8) Substitution of NaCl in the extracellular medium by sucrose, LiCl, or Na2SO4 had no effect on glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release; however, release was inhibited when NaCl was replaced by choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl.
(9) Seventy-six patients with established atherosclerotic disease were treated daily with either 250 micrograms of chromium orally as chromium chloride or a placebo for a period of 7 to 16 months (mean, 11.1 months).
(10) Urinalysis revealed a low pH, increased ketones and bilirubin excretion, dark yellowish change in color, the appearance of "leaflet-shaped" crystals and increased red blood cells and epithelial cells in the urinary sediment, increased water intake, decreased specific gravity and decreased sodium, potassium and chloride in the urine.
(11) Carbopol-940 gels, being the best of those used, were studied further for the effect of its concentration and of additives (benzalkonium chloride, phenylmercuric nitrate, chlorbutol and disodium edetate), autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 30 min and irradiation with gamma rays (2.5 Mrad), on the end product.
(12) Therefore, the early IPSP may be mediated by more complex mechanisms than a simple alteration in chloride conductance due to GABA-receptor interactions.
(13) We measured the steady-state volumes of distribution for radioactive chloride, sucrose, and albumin in the lung of six anesthetized, spen-thorax sheep.
(14) In the absence of external chloride changing the external potassium concentration from 2.8 mM to potassium-free caused a depolarization of the membrane of about 30 mV and a small increase in membrane resistance.
(15) It is therefore suggested that salt water adaptation triggers a cellular reorganization of the epithelium in such a way that leaky junctions (a low resistance pathway) appear at the apex of the chloride cells.
(16) Bartter's syndrome was suspected because of the features of the hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism, hyperreninemia, increased concentration of plasma angiotensin I & II, the defect in distal fractional reabsorption of chloride and normotension.
(17) Allyl 4-O-benzyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside was converted into allyl 4-O-benzyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside and this was condensed with 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl chloride to give a disaccharide derivative which was converted into allyl 4-O-benzyl-2-O-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl -alpha- L-rhamnopyranoside.
(18) ASA was given as 7.5 or 15.0 mM solution in 100 mM hydrochloric acid or in 100 mM sodium chloride.
(19) Replacement of all the chloride ions and inhibition by furosemide indicated that the enhanced secretion was due mainly to chloride ions.
(20) Chloride caused a significant concentration-dependent shortening of myosin rods due to destabilization of the alpha-helical double coiled rod structure.
Dichloride
Definition:
(n.) Same as Bichloride.
Example Sentences:
(1) The dichloride complexes were consistently more active than their diiodide counterparts.
(2) The effect of the pretreatment of male Sprague-Dawley rats with phenobarbital (PB), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and disulfiram (DSF) on the inhalation kinetics of 1,2-dichloroethane [ethylene dichloride (EDC)] was studied by the gas uptake method.
(3) In the group of rabbits injected with diethyllead dichloride (one of 3 rabbits died during the observation), an amount of lead equivalent to about 25% of the injected dose was excreted in the urine during the first 24 h after the injection.
(4) It has been established that rosanol, obtained from bulgarian rose oil, averts fatal disturbances of the cardiac rhythm induced by calcium dichloride and also prevents the onset of severe changes on the electrocardiogram provoked by a high-frequency electric stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation and by an intravenous administration of high doses of norepinepharine.
(5) Treatment of the last with SnCl4 in methylene dichloride--methanol led to 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methoxymethyluridine.
(6) Recoveries of tri-n-butyltin chloride (Bu3SnCl) and di-n-butyltin dichloride (Bu2SnCl2) spiked to fish at the levels of 0.2 and 1.0 ppm ranged from 80 to 105%.
(7) A higher hexobarbital content is found in the blood serum of rats, treated with cobaltous dichloride, cadmium nitrate, nickel sulphate, copper sulphate and lead acetate, compared with the control animals.
(8) Binary mixtures of weak and strong UV-absorbing alkaloids were analyzed by a charge-transfer spectrophotometric method, utilizing iodine in ethylene dichloride as the acceptor.
(9) The organometal diethyltin dichloride served as the representative test agent.
(10) Samples of seven single component solvents which included benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dioxane, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, and xylene along with two solvent mixtures which consisted of a benzene-xylene combination and an ethylene dichloride-trichloroethylene conbination were tested in two phases by 15 participating laboratories.
(11) The most effective compound was 1-[2-(o-heptyloxyphenylcarbamoyloxy)ethyl]-4-butyl-piperazinium dichloride, which was 142 times more active than cocaine and 266 times more active than procaine.
(12) Paraquat (PQ; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride), a widely used herbicide, causes pulmonary edema by a cyclic oxidation and reduction reaction with oxygen molecules with the production of oxygen free radicals.
(13) Adenosine phosphates, AMP, ADP and ATP were found to be recognized and extracted from aqueous to an organic phase by the newly prepared lipophilic diammonium salt, N,N'-distearyldiammonium dichloride of 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane 1.
(14) In this study the pH-dependent interactions interactions between a paraquat-specific murine monoclonal antibody and two antigens: paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride), and a p-nitrophenol analogue (1-(N-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methane dichloride; PQNP) were determined by ELISA.
(15) 6-Monoacetylmorphine and morphine were extracted with ethylene dichloride containing 30% isopropanol at pH 8.5, and normorphine was extracted at pH 10.4 wtih the same solvent.
(16) The immunotoxicological effects of di(n-octyl)tin dichloride (DOTC) in the mouse were measured using a well-defined system to monitor alterations in immune responsiveness towards both self and heterologous cell membrane components.
(17) As with the other photosensitizers, hematoporphyrin derivative and chloroaluminum tetrasulfophtalocyanine, tin (II) etiopurpurin dichloride and light caused a rapid decrease in tumor blood flow in this tumor model.
(18) The bispyridinium oxime HI-6, 1-((((4-amino-carbonyl)pyridinio)methoxy) methyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridinium dichloride monohydrate, combined with atropine is an effective treatment for soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) poisoning but is relatively ineffective against tabun (ethyl N-dimethyl phosphoroamidocyanidate) poisoning in mice.
(19) In 10 of these 14 carcinomas, titanocene dichloride effected growth suppression of greater than 50% in comparison with control tumors.
(20) A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed to determine HI-6 (1-(2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridinio-3-(4-carbamoyl-1-py ridiniol-2-oxapropane dichloride)) concentrations in small volumes of plasma.