(n.) A binary compound of chlorine with another element or radical; as, chloride of sodium (common salt).
Example Sentences:
(1) This death is also dependent on the presence of chloride and is prevented with the non-selective EAA antagonist, kynurenic acid, but is not prevented by QA.
(2) Thus, saponin and ammonium chloride can be used to isolate whole infected erythrocytes, depleted of hemoglobin, by selective disruption of uninfected cells.
(3) These were an isotonic solution of sodium chloride (900 micrograms NaCl in 0.1 ml), histamine (100 mu g in 0.1 mu l), phytohaemagglutinin (200 mu g in 0.1 ml), and a staphylococcus lysate (STAVA).
(4) The following conclusions emerge: (i) when the 3' or the 3' penultimate base of the oligonucleotide mismatched an allele, no amplification product could be detected; (ii) when the mismatches were 3 and 4 bases from the 3' end of the primer, differential amplification was still observed, but only at certain concentrations of magnesium chloride; (iii) the mismatched allele can be detected in the presence of a 40-fold excess of the matched allele; (iv) primers as short as 13 nucleotides were effective; and (v) the specificity of the amplification could be overwhelmed by greatly increasing the concentration of target DNA.
(5) To determine the influence of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) adsorption on the wettability and elemental surface composition of human enamel, with and without adsorbed salivary constituents, surface-free energies and elemental compositions were determined.
(6) This suggested that some of the cell population became metabolically inactive at a very early stage, possibly owing to suboptimal conditions of growth.Glycine, lysozyme and lithium chloride initiated lysis of BCG growth in the aforementioned media 24-48 hours after inoculation.
(7) PYY inhibited the reduction in net absorption of sodium chloride and water evoked by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), but did not affect the VIP-evoked increase in net potassium secretion.
(8) Substitution of NaCl in the extracellular medium by sucrose, LiCl, or Na2SO4 had no effect on glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release; however, release was inhibited when NaCl was replaced by choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl.
(9) Seventy-six patients with established atherosclerotic disease were treated daily with either 250 micrograms of chromium orally as chromium chloride or a placebo for a period of 7 to 16 months (mean, 11.1 months).
(10) Urinalysis revealed a low pH, increased ketones and bilirubin excretion, dark yellowish change in color, the appearance of "leaflet-shaped" crystals and increased red blood cells and epithelial cells in the urinary sediment, increased water intake, decreased specific gravity and decreased sodium, potassium and chloride in the urine.
(11) Carbopol-940 gels, being the best of those used, were studied further for the effect of its concentration and of additives (benzalkonium chloride, phenylmercuric nitrate, chlorbutol and disodium edetate), autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 30 min and irradiation with gamma rays (2.5 Mrad), on the end product.
(12) Therefore, the early IPSP may be mediated by more complex mechanisms than a simple alteration in chloride conductance due to GABA-receptor interactions.
(13) We measured the steady-state volumes of distribution for radioactive chloride, sucrose, and albumin in the lung of six anesthetized, spen-thorax sheep.
(14) In the absence of external chloride changing the external potassium concentration from 2.8 mM to potassium-free caused a depolarization of the membrane of about 30 mV and a small increase in membrane resistance.
(15) It is therefore suggested that salt water adaptation triggers a cellular reorganization of the epithelium in such a way that leaky junctions (a low resistance pathway) appear at the apex of the chloride cells.
(16) Bartter's syndrome was suspected because of the features of the hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism, hyperreninemia, increased concentration of plasma angiotensin I & II, the defect in distal fractional reabsorption of chloride and normotension.
(17) Allyl 4-O-benzyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside was converted into allyl 4-O-benzyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside and this was condensed with 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl chloride to give a disaccharide derivative which was converted into allyl 4-O-benzyl-2-O-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl -alpha- L-rhamnopyranoside.
(18) ASA was given as 7.5 or 15.0 mM solution in 100 mM hydrochloric acid or in 100 mM sodium chloride.
(19) Replacement of all the chloride ions and inhibition by furosemide indicated that the enhanced secretion was due mainly to chloride ions.
(20) Chloride caused a significant concentration-dependent shortening of myosin rods due to destabilization of the alpha-helical double coiled rod structure.
Oxychloride
Definition:
(n.) A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine; as, plumbic oxychloride.
Example Sentences:
(1) Killing of E. coli at this pH was much more rapid than at pH 7 and was apparently due to salicylate released by the conversion of BSS to bismuth oxychloride.
(2) Reaction of (9) with phosphorus oxychloride in pyridine afforded the desired 6-cyano dienone (4) in 70% yield.
(3) The toxicometric indices of phosphorus oxychloride, trichloride and pentachloride were determined and the peculiarities of the toxic effect of these compounds were investigated in experiment.
(4) Eleven people accidentally inhaled a significant amount of a gaseous mixture of hydrogen chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride, oxalyl chloride, and oxalic acid.
(5) The effectiveness of coagulation of the combined sewage independent of quantitative ratios of bilgeway and waste waters has been confirmed with the help of regression-correlative analysis, which alongside the use of aluminum oxychlorides at the functioning installations of sewage purification and disinfection testify to the possibility of forming of principally new and effective samples of compact ship water protective equipment.
(6) 3-Alkyl(phenyl)aminoaphtho[2,1-b]pyran-1-ones (III) were prepared from N-alkyl or N-phenylethoxycarbonylacetamides and 2-naphthol in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, in order to evaluate their pharmacological activity on the CNS in comparison with previously described 3-dialkylaminoaphtho[2,1-b]pyran-1-ones.
(7) The latter compounds were converted into 3-(N-GABA)-6-(substitutedphenyl) pyridazines and 3-(N-butyryllactamyl)-6-(substitutedphenyl) pyridazines by the chlorination (by means of phosphorus oxychloride) and then reaction with GABA.
(8) Reaction of substituted 1-oxo-3-dialkylamino-1H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans with N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride afforded the corresponding substituted 1-oxo-2-formyl-3-dialkyl-amino-1H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans.
(9) Reaction of N,N-dialkylethoxycarbonylacetamides with substituted beta-naphthols in 3 or 6 or 7 positions with halogen, alkyl, methoxycarbonyl, methoxyl, ethoxyl in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, led to the formation of 1-oxo-3-dialkylamino-1H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans bearing substituents in 5 or 8 or 9 positions, respectively.
(10) Under suitable conditions the reaction of phenol and N,N-dialkylethoxycarbonylacetamides, in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, resulted in the formation of 2-dialkylaminochromones.
(11) The latter compounds were also easily transformed into 3-bis-(beta-chloroethyl)amino derivatives by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride in N,N-dimethylformamide.
(12) When a large amount of phosphorus oxychloride was employed in the reaction, the formation of 2,4-di-(N-alkyl,N-phenyl)amino-3H-1,5-benzodiazepines was achieved, starting from suitable o-phenylendiamines and (N-alkyl,N-phenyl)ethoxycarbonylacetamides.
(13) Commercially obtained bismuth oxychloride, bismuth sulfide, and sodium salicylate had no affect on invasion by Y. enterocolitica.
(14) The inorganic dye, ruthenium red, is an ammoniated form of ruthenium oxychloride.
(15) Treatment with phosphorus oxychloride gave a chloropyrimidine, which was converted to a hydrazinopyrimidine with hydrazine.
(16) The reactivity of the carbonyl group of two pyrimidine-4-ones phosphorus oxychloride was studied.
(17) The analysis of these transients from the standpoint of thermodynamics, suggests that the saline corrosion of dental amalgam may occur through the dissolution of the passive anodic films on Sn7Hg(gamma2) and Cu6Sn5 (eta') and the dissolution reaction appears to be related to the formation of tin-oxychloride.
(18) When reaction of N,N-dialkyl-alpha-ethoxycarbonyl-alpha-alkylacetamides with beta-naphthol in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride was carried out in chlorobenzene at reflux, formation of 1-oxo-2-alkyl-3-dialkyl-amino-1H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans was achieved together with some other products whose structure was defined.
(19) Treatment of N-alkylanilines or diphenylamine with N,N-dialkylethoxycarbonylacetamides in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride afforded 6-alkyl(phenyl)-4-dialkylaminopyrano [3,2-c] quinoline-2,5-(6H)-diones, two molecules of amide being involved in the reaction.
(20) By treating at 100 degrees C 2-aminonicotinic acid with ethyl N,N-dialkylmalonamate (I) and phosphorus oxychloride N,N-dialkyl-4-chloro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine- 3-carboxamides (II) were obtained.