(n.) One of the elementary substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is abundant in nature, the most important compound being common salt. It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent. Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4.
Example Sentences:
(1) Ether extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds were detected, e.g.
(2) The physical effects of chlorination as demonstrated by experiments with batters and cakes and by physicochemical observations of flour and its fractions are also considered.
(3) The efficacy of both PCBOH I and III derivatives required the presence of a hydroxyl moiety and increased directly with the degree of chlorination.
(4) Chlorine dioxide disproportionation products, chlorite and chlorate, were not active disinfectants.
(5) The photodynamic activity of bonellin, an integumentary chlorin of Bonellia viridis, is investigated.
(6) Lipopolysaccharide content correlated significantly with drug uptake and sensitivity, and it appeared to determine the degree of penetration of the cell envelope by these chlorinated phenols.
(7) Unexpectedly long retention times were noted for the chlorinated solvents, particularly for chloroforn, which showed a specific long-term retention in the cerebellum, meninges and spinal nerves, indicating interactions with specific nervous tissue receptors.
(8) Further the results of a test under practical conditions in a swimming pool are shown and the possibility to discriminate different types of waters by their chlorine demand under constant-titration.
(9) Chlorinated ethylenes are metabolized in mammals, as a first step, to epoxides.
(10) The ASI said the UK should be prepared to adapt its standards, pointing to an assessment by the European Food Safety Authority that the chemical rinses, including chlorine dioxide, were safe to eat.
(11) Studies of structure-transacylation relationships for a series of acylhydroxamic acids of chlorinated biphenyl ethers and their related compounds by rat liver N-arylacylhydroxamic acid-dependent N-acyltransferase (AHNAT) are described.
(12) The purpose of the study was to determine whether distribution of serum lipids, blood pressure or thyroid hormones differed according to the chlorination of water supply, or to its calcium and magnesium content (hardness).
(13) Chlorine (Cl2) gas is a potentially lung-damaging irritant which is used in the chemical, plastics, and paper industries.
(14) Recoveries by each technique varied depending on the sediment sample being extracted and degree of chlorination of PCB congeners.
(15) Rats have been exposed in a closed system to the chlorinated ethylenes vinyl chloride and trichloroethylene and to carbon tetrachloride as a reference compound.
(16) Environmental isolates of CB-5 were more resistant than the laboratory strain tested, and for two strains 12 and 22% of the input virus was still infectious after 100 min in the presence of free residual chlorine.
(17) Water is no longer chlorinated, rubbish isn't collected anymore.
(18) Other chlorinated hydrocarbons as decachlorobiphenyl, pentachloronaphthalene, hexachloronaphthalene and hexachlorostyrene were identified, but not quantified.
(19) Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analyses were performed on single hair fibers in triplicate from 103 individuals in order to determine sulfur, zinc, calcium, and chlorine content.
(20) The compounds are N-methoxymethylated or N-ethoxymethylated using phosphorus pentoxide and dimethoxymethane or diethoxymethane, respectively, in a chlorinated solvent.
Chlorous
Definition:
(a.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of three, the next lower than in chloric compounds; as, chlorous acid, HClO2.
(a.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the electro-negative character of chlorine; hence, electro-negative; -- opposed to basylous or zincous.
Example Sentences:
(1) A postmilking teat dip containing chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide was evaluated by experimental challenge and in two herds under natural exposure.
(2) The chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide disinfectant inhibited growth of S. aureus.
(3) Post-dipping with chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide reduced incidence of udder infection by major mastitis pathogens 36.1% when data were combined from the two herds.
(4) Equine fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus were exposed for 30 minutes to six dilutions of chlorhexidine gluconate, a chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide irrigation solution, a chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide disinfectant, and phosphate buffered saline controls.
(5) The chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide irrigation solution did not inhibit growth of S. aureus in brain-heart infusion broth.
(6) A natural exposure study was conducted in a herd of 150 lactating dairy cows for 18 mo to determine the effectiveness of chlorous acid and chlorine dioxide in a soluble polymer gel as a postmilking teat disinfectant for the prevention of bovine mastitis.
(7) The effect of chlorous salts of cesium, lithium, and rubidium on the analgetic action of morphine (according to the vocalization test) and also on the pattern of the dependence on it (according to the so-called "two-bottle test") was studied.
(8) Under conditions of this trial, the experimental teat dip containing chlorous acid and chlorine dioxide was effective in preventing new intramammary infections against a variety of mastitis pathogens.
(9) Effect of 10(-4) M solution of chlorous acetylcholine (ACh) on ultrastructure of the leech (Hirudo medicinalis) cerebral synapses has been studied.
(10) On being impregnated with chlorous gold after Ramon-and-Kachal the cellular cytoplasma is stained purple-violet.
(12) The chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide irrigation solution was the least toxic to fibroblasts, with survival rates equivalent to those of controls.
(13) A new sanitizer composition that releases chlorous acid and chlorine dioxide from sodium chlorite at pH 2.7 was evaluated.
(14) The 1% iodine and the chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide products were not equivalent for major mastitis pathogens; the test product was more effective.
(15) The author studied the influence of lithium chlorous on the ultrastructure of isolated brain hemispheric mitochondria of cats, subjected to the action of the blood sera of schizophrenic patients and normal donors.
(16) Overall efficacy of the chlorous acid and chlorine dioxide teat dip against major mastitis pathogens was 52.2%.
(17) The chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide disinfectant was 100% cytotoxic even when diluted 1:1 with phosphate buffered saline.