(n.) One of the elementary substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is abundant in nature, the most important compound being common salt. It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent. Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4.
Example Sentences:
(1) Ether extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds were detected, e.g.
(2) The physical effects of chlorination as demonstrated by experiments with batters and cakes and by physicochemical observations of flour and its fractions are also considered.
(3) The efficacy of both PCBOH I and III derivatives required the presence of a hydroxyl moiety and increased directly with the degree of chlorination.
(4) Chlorine dioxide disproportionation products, chlorite and chlorate, were not active disinfectants.
(5) The photodynamic activity of bonellin, an integumentary chlorin of Bonellia viridis, is investigated.
(6) Lipopolysaccharide content correlated significantly with drug uptake and sensitivity, and it appeared to determine the degree of penetration of the cell envelope by these chlorinated phenols.
(7) Unexpectedly long retention times were noted for the chlorinated solvents, particularly for chloroforn, which showed a specific long-term retention in the cerebellum, meninges and spinal nerves, indicating interactions with specific nervous tissue receptors.
(8) Further the results of a test under practical conditions in a swimming pool are shown and the possibility to discriminate different types of waters by their chlorine demand under constant-titration.
(9) Chlorinated ethylenes are metabolized in mammals, as a first step, to epoxides.
(10) The ASI said the UK should be prepared to adapt its standards, pointing to an assessment by the European Food Safety Authority that the chemical rinses, including chlorine dioxide, were safe to eat.
(11) Studies of structure-transacylation relationships for a series of acylhydroxamic acids of chlorinated biphenyl ethers and their related compounds by rat liver N-arylacylhydroxamic acid-dependent N-acyltransferase (AHNAT) are described.
(12) The purpose of the study was to determine whether distribution of serum lipids, blood pressure or thyroid hormones differed according to the chlorination of water supply, or to its calcium and magnesium content (hardness).
(13) Chlorine (Cl2) gas is a potentially lung-damaging irritant which is used in the chemical, plastics, and paper industries.
(14) Recoveries by each technique varied depending on the sediment sample being extracted and degree of chlorination of PCB congeners.
(15) Rats have been exposed in a closed system to the chlorinated ethylenes vinyl chloride and trichloroethylene and to carbon tetrachloride as a reference compound.
(16) Environmental isolates of CB-5 were more resistant than the laboratory strain tested, and for two strains 12 and 22% of the input virus was still infectious after 100 min in the presence of free residual chlorine.
(17) Water is no longer chlorinated, rubbish isn't collected anymore.
(18) Other chlorinated hydrocarbons as decachlorobiphenyl, pentachloronaphthalene, hexachloronaphthalene and hexachlorostyrene were identified, but not quantified.
(19) Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analyses were performed on single hair fibers in triplicate from 103 individuals in order to determine sulfur, zinc, calcium, and chlorine content.
(20) The compounds are N-methoxymethylated or N-ethoxymethylated using phosphorus pentoxide and dimethoxymethane or diethoxymethane, respectively, in a chlorinated solvent.
Pentachloride
Definition:
(n.) A chloride having five atoms of chlorine in each molecule.
Example Sentences:
(1) The toxicometric indices of phosphorus oxychloride, trichloride and pentachloride were determined and the peculiarities of the toxic effect of these compounds were investigated in experiment.
(2) Eleven people accidentally inhaled a significant amount of a gaseous mixture of hydrogen chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride, oxalyl chloride, and oxalic acid.
(3) A 51-year-old chemical engineer sustained phosphorous pentachloride partial skin thickness burns over 20 per cent of his body surface area.
(4) This reaction proceeded by the treatment of cAMP tributylammonium salt (2) with phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) and alkylamine in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).
(5) The effect obtained when sodium stibogluconate on the serosal side was replaced with antimony pentachloride (SbCl5) supports the view that the metal in the molecule is responsible for the inhibition of the effect of oxytocin.
(6) Beef adipose tissue and human milk extracts were fortified with PCB standards at 0.1--5.0 ppm, and perchlorinated with antimony pentachloride (SbCl5).
(7) The acid 4 in the reaction with phosphorus pentachloride gives the acid chloride 8 which is transformed under the influence of appropriate amines into corresponding amides 9-13.
(8) GC analysis of the reaction product of 5alpha-cholestan-6alpha-ol and phosphorus pentachloride indicated the presence of 6alpha-chloro-5alpha-cholestane, 6beta-chloro-5alpha-cholestane, 5,6beta-dichloro-5alpha-cholestane, and traces of cholest-5-ene; a computerised GC-MS system furnished visual reproductions of the gas chromatograms, but failed to yield corresponding mass chromatograms because of decomposition of the chlorides in the molecular separator.
(9) Stereoregular (1----5)-alpha-D-xylofuranan was synthesized from a new monomer, 1,5-anhydro-2,3-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-xylofuranose , with phosphorus pentafluoride and antimony pentachloride as catalysts in dichloromethane.
(10) The preparation of these compounds was carried out by 2,3-dichlorination of 3-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-2-ones with phosphorus pentachloride followed by amination and concurrent dehydrochlorination.