(a.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of three, the next lower than in chloric compounds; as, chlorous acid, HClO2.
(a.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the electro-negative character of chlorine; hence, electro-negative; -- opposed to basylous or zincous.
Example Sentences:
(1) A postmilking teat dip containing chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide was evaluated by experimental challenge and in two herds under natural exposure.
(2) The chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide disinfectant inhibited growth of S. aureus.
(3) Post-dipping with chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide reduced incidence of udder infection by major mastitis pathogens 36.1% when data were combined from the two herds.
(4) Equine fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus were exposed for 30 minutes to six dilutions of chlorhexidine gluconate, a chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide irrigation solution, a chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide disinfectant, and phosphate buffered saline controls.
(5) The chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide irrigation solution did not inhibit growth of S. aureus in brain-heart infusion broth.
(6) A natural exposure study was conducted in a herd of 150 lactating dairy cows for 18 mo to determine the effectiveness of chlorous acid and chlorine dioxide in a soluble polymer gel as a postmilking teat disinfectant for the prevention of bovine mastitis.
(7) The effect of chlorous salts of cesium, lithium, and rubidium on the analgetic action of morphine (according to the vocalization test) and also on the pattern of the dependence on it (according to the so-called "two-bottle test") was studied.
(8) Under conditions of this trial, the experimental teat dip containing chlorous acid and chlorine dioxide was effective in preventing new intramammary infections against a variety of mastitis pathogens.
(9) Effect of 10(-4) M solution of chlorous acetylcholine (ACh) on ultrastructure of the leech (Hirudo medicinalis) cerebral synapses has been studied.
(10) On being impregnated with chlorous gold after Ramon-and-Kachal the cellular cytoplasma is stained purple-violet.
(12) The chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide irrigation solution was the least toxic to fibroblasts, with survival rates equivalent to those of controls.
(13) A new sanitizer composition that releases chlorous acid and chlorine dioxide from sodium chlorite at pH 2.7 was evaluated.
(14) The 1% iodine and the chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide products were not equivalent for major mastitis pathogens; the test product was more effective.
(15) The author studied the influence of lithium chlorous on the ultrastructure of isolated brain hemispheric mitochondria of cats, subjected to the action of the blood sera of schizophrenic patients and normal donors.
(16) Overall efficacy of the chlorous acid and chlorine dioxide teat dip against major mastitis pathogens was 52.2%.
(17) The chlorous acid-chlorine dioxide disinfectant was 100% cytotoxic even when diluted 1:1 with phosphate buffered saline.
Hypochlorous
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower than in chlorous compounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) It required protein synthesis as demonstrated by the suppressive effect of actinomycin D. The inhibitory effect of H2O2 was suppressed by catalase, but was unaffected by the scavengers of hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid, suggesting that H2O2 but not one of its metabolites was responsible for this inhibition.
(2) Ergothioneine is a powerful scavenger of hypochlorous acid, being able to protect alpha 1-antiproteinase against inactivation by this molecule.
(3) Thus, oxidizing species derived from the myeloperoxidase system (enzyme, H2O2, and C1-), as well as hypochlorous acid, can inactivate this inhibitor, although H2O2 alone has no effect.
(4) Myeloperoxidase catalyzed the oxidation of chloride to hypochlorous acid, which reacted either with bacterial amine or amide components or both or with the exogenous compounds to yield chloramine or chloramide derivatives or both.
(5) Experiments are performed on the reaction of monochlorodimedone with hypochlorous acid in both the presence and the absence of added chloride ion, but in the absence of chloroperoxidase.
(6) During activation of PMN leukocytes, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced in addition to oxygen free radicals.
(7) 30% of the detectable superoxide generated was converted to hypochlorous acid.
(8) Butylated hydroxytoluene, a radical scavenger, partially protects alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor from the myeloperoxidase system and completely protects it from hypochlorous acid.
(9) It also reacted with hypochlorous acid, the principal oxidant generated by neutrophils, to form a reactive intermediate.
(10) In the present paper we show that phagocytosing neutrophils inactivate A1PI via a process inhibitable by chemical agents known to interfere with the hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-generating myeloperoxidase pathway.
(11) Monochlorodimedon, therefore, cannot be regarded as an inert detector of hypochlorous acid production by myeloperoxidase, but acts to limit the chlorinating activity of the enzyme.
(12) DMTU (1-10 mM) completely blocked stable oxidants and hypochlorous acid formation by phorbol myristate acetate- and zymosan-stimulated neutrophils.
(13) Eight methionine residues and one tyrosine residue could be oxidized by hypochlorous acid.
(14) Also, in this assay Candida albicans yeast inactivated the oxidant activity of hypochlorous acid more completely than they did that of monochloramine.
(15) We characterized the inhibitory effect of these drugs on the catalytic activity of myeloperoxidase and tested their ability to scavenge hypochlorous acid in vitro.
(16) The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect and mechanism of action of the reactive oxygen metabolites monochloramine (NH2Cl), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on gallbladder smooth muscle contractility.
(17) This loss was entirely due to hypochlorous acid, since it did not occur in Cl(-)-free buffer, was inhibited by azide and cyanide, and was enhanced by adding exogenous myeloperoxidase.
(18) Inhibition was blocked by adding catalase, an inhibitor of myeloperoxidase, or compounds that scavenge hypochlorous acid or chloramines.
(19) The reaction of hypochlorous acid with the spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was found to yield 5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone-N-oxyl (DMPOX).
(20) The H2O2-dependent portion of oxidation is mediated by myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chloride to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and oxidation of the reductants by HOCl.