What's the difference between choline and neurine?
Choline
Definition:
(n.) See Neurine.
Example Sentences:
(1) Synthesis of choline esterase on the medium with acetylcholine at a concentration of 1% was increased more than twofold upon addition of glucose at a concentration of 0.1%.
(2) Erythrocyte membrane choline transport is abnormally high in chronic renal failure.
(3) Substitution of NaCl in the extracellular medium by sucrose, LiCl, or Na2SO4 had no effect on glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release; however, release was inhibited when NaCl was replaced by choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl.
(4) The effects of ATP on choline oxidase were studied further, and a 29.4% decrease was observed in mitochondrial ATP levels from freshly isolated mitochondria from the ethanol-treated rats.
(5) The alterations in DS frontal cortex included decreases in (n-6) and increases in (n-3) groups in choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (CPG and EPG), as had previously been found in EPG and serine phosphoglyceride (SPG) of the DS fetal brain.
(6) No significant quantitative differences in AFB1-DNA adduct formation between the dietary groups were observed following the first exposure to [3H]AFB1; however, total aflatoxin-DNA adduct levels in the choline-deficient animals were significantly increased during the multiple dose schedule.
(7) cAMP decreased the incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine, but did not change the flux of metabolites through the step catalyzed by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase.
(8) During phase 1 (3-day equilibration period; ad libitum regular hospital diet), plasma choline levels were within the normal range for all subjects.
(9) One of five rhesus monkeys fed a diet deficient in choline and protein for 31 mo developed signs of cirrhosis at 26 mo.
(10) We developed a continuous spectrophotometric assay of the phospholipase A2 activity specific for choline plasmalogen using rat liver lysoplasmalogenase and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase as coupling enzymes and Naja naja venom phospholipase A2 as a source of the phospholipase A2 activity.
(11) [U-14C]Glucose failed to label choline-containing lipids in T. foetus but did so in T. vaginalis, with phosphatidylethanolamine again being heavily labeled.
(12) Replacement of bath Na+ by choline decreased the PD of tracheas by 85% but did not change alveolar PD in the presence or absence of bumetanide.
(13) In addition to the colicin Ia-induced rapid efflux of preloaded rubidium, sodium, phosphate, or choline from liposomes, a slower efflux of preloaded sucrose or glucose 6-phosphate occurs.
(14) In vitro addition of denbufylline (10(-8)-10(-4) M) produced no significant change in [3H]choline uptake in striatal slices, while denbufylline (10(-4) M) increased high (20 mM) potassium-evoked endogenous ACh release from striatal slices.
(15) These results show clearly that choline mustard aziridinium ion was accumulated into the cholinergic nerve terminals by the high-affinity choline carrier, but the amount was small relative to the uptake of choline and probably restricted by progressive inactivation of the transporters through covalent bond formation.
(16) Sulfate, with or without choline, had little effect in the presence of cupric sulfate.
(17) Orotic acid inhibited, dose-dependently DNA synthesis in hepatocytes induced by epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha, hepatocyte growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, or plasma from rats exposed to various liver cell-proliferative stimuli, such as two-thirds partial hepatectomy, lead nitrate, cyproterone acetate, ethylene dibromide, or a diet deficient in choline.
(18) Phosphatidylcholine of high specific radioactivity was prepared biosynthetically in good yield from [Me-(14)C]choline by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
(19) The effects of a transection on the choline acetyltransferase activity, the thyrotropin releasing hormone and substance P contents in the cat cervical spinal cord have been investigated.
(20) Those choline dehydrogenases situated in the mitochondrial inner membrane can be reduced by substrate and exist in the reduced state.
Neurine
Definition:
(n.) A poisonous organic base (a ptomaine) formed in the decomposition of protagon with boiling baryta water, and in the putrefraction of proteid matter. It was for a long time considered identical with choline, a crystalline body originally obtained from bile. Chemically, however, choline is oxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, while neurine is vinyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide.