(n.) A contractile cell or vesicle containing liquid pigment and capable of changing its form or size, thus causing changes of color in the translucent skin of such animals as possess them. They are highly developed and numerous in the cephalopods.
(n.) One of the granules of protoplasm, which in mass give color to the part of the plant containing them.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the brownish skin and in the black spots of the dorsal region all types of chromatophores are found.
(2) An analogous finding in the human eye after a perforating iris lesion was growth of chromatophores on the anterior lens capsule.
(3) This makes it possible to consider them as chromatophores of an independent type.
(4) Phosphatidylethanolamine is essentially equally distributed on the inner and outer surfaces of the chromatophores, while most proteins exist at the outer surface.
(5) The decay of the flash-induced electric potential across the chromatophore membrane measured by the carotenoid band shift was 20% accelerated by about one valinomycin molecule per 4700 bacteriochlorophyll, i.e.
(6) This process is inhibited by o-phenanthroline as well as upon extraction of quinones from chromatophores, but not by antimycin A, rotenone or CN-.
(7) The P+QA- and P+QB- charge recombination decay kinetics were studied in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas viridis reconstituted in phosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles (proteoliposomes) and in chromatophores.
(8) Light induced quenching of 9-aminoacridine and atebrin fluorescence in chromatophores, while the fluorescence was enhanced in the heavy chromatophores.
(9) OCC has been shown to apparently increase the electrical conductivity of the chromatophore membrane, a fact which may be relevant to the mechanism of action of this probe.
(10) C-terminal residues were not removed after the digestion of chromatophores or spheroplasts.
(11) These results are consistent with two hypotheses (a) the chromatophores are a mixed population of vesicles, only a small fraction (10%) of which possess an active ATP synthesizing system (b) the activity of the ATP synthesizing system, though driven by a proton motive force, is controlled by electron transport processess.
(12) The extent of the reaction was increased markedly with excess exogenous ferrocytochrome c but only slightly in chromatophores.
(13) The isolated beta subunit reconstituted an active F1 hybrid with the F1 of Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores from which the beta subunit had been removed.
(14) The significance of the terminal residues of the red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH: Glu-Leu-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Gly-Trp-NH2) for its blanching effect on crustacean chromatophores has been investigated.
(15) Biochemical analyses of the dorsal integument of the isopod, Armadillidium vulgare, revealed that sepiapterin, biopterin, pterin, isoxanthopterin and uric acid accumulated in the yellow-colored chromatophores which are distinguishable from ommochrome chromatophores.
(16) In the presence of Mg2+, the following pattern rules: (i) uncoupler-stimulated ATP hydrolysis of Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores which shows an optimum concentration of the divalent cation; (ii) ATP-induced proton pumping in chromatophores; (iii) light-induced ATP synthesis in chromatophores; (iv) no or very low ATPase activity of purified F1-ATPase unmasked by diethylstilbestrol or n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside.
(17) Guanidinated B870 alpha polypeptides from both the cytoplasmic-side-out chromatophores and the periplasmic-side-out membrane vesicles were purified and digested with trypsin.
(18) When the free Mg2+ concentration was raised to 5.5-8.8 mM this ratio decreased from 1028 to 540 when the yeast pyrophosphatase was used and from 754 to 46 when chromatophores were used.
(19) After chromatophore solubilization in the presence of beta-ME and subsequent SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, exogenously added reaction centers B and C could be localized in a complex of no less than 100 to 200 kdaltons.
(20) Among several pH indicators tested, bromothymol blue (BTB) and neutral red (NR) showed absorbance changes on illumination of chromatophores.
Mantle
Definition:
(n.) A loose garment to be worn over other garments; an enveloping robe; a cloak. Hence, figuratively, a covering or concealing envelope.
(n.) Same as Mantling.
(n.) The external fold, or folds, of the soft, exterior membrane of the body of a mollusk. It usually forms a cavity inclosing the gills. See Illusts. of Buccinum, and Byssus.
(n.) Any free, outer membrane.
(n.) The back of a bird together with the folded wings.
(n.) A mantel. See Mantel.
(n.) The outer wall and casing of a blast furnace, above the hearth.
(n.) A penstock for a water wheel.
(v. t.) To cover or envelop, as with a mantle; to cloak; to hide; to disguise.
(v. i.) To unfold and spread out the wings, like a mantle; -- said of hawks. Also used figuratively.
(v. i.) To spread out; -- said of wings.
(v. i.) To spread over the surface as a covering; to overspread; as, the scum mantled on the pool.
(v. i.) To gather, assume, or take on, a covering, as froth, scum, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) This report describes a detailed analysis of the dosimetry of the mantle technique for the therapy of Hodgkin's disease when a 4 MV linear accelerator (Varian) is utilized.
(2) In the mantle of the female sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis seasonal variations in the adenylate cyclase activity correlate with gonadal development.
(3) A 21-year old man died of an extensive anteroseptal myocardial infarction 16 months after receiving megavoltage radiotherapy to a mantle field for Hodgkin's disease stage PS IA confined to the midcervical lymph nodes on the left side of the neck.
(4) The outer aspect of the mantle zone constituted the PNS-CNS borderline.
(5) Fetuses that received 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 Gy were examined 24 h after irradiation for changes in the cells of the cerebral mantle of the developing brain.
(6) Forty-nine patients were managed according to the pre-1969 policy consisting of mantle radiotherapy (XRT) only without laparotomy staging and without subdiaphragmatic treatment.
(7) The glial mantle is thicker in the sulci than on the gyri.
(8) The sensory cells of the mantle tentacles are found to be ciliated, primary receptors with subepithelial nuclei.
(9) Only one of these cases was found among the 44 patients who received a dose to the spinal cord of over 5 000 rad via fields of less than 16 cm in length; 7 cases were patients with Hodgkin's disease who were given up to 3 700 rad via mantle fields.
(10) A semi-intact preparation was used to study the effects of classical conditioning on the type of siphon response elicited by a conditioned stimulus to the mantle of Aplysia.
(11) Then, in English, a simple statement that has come to define a Japanese summer of public discontent, the likes of which it has not seen in a generation: “This is what democracy looks like!” Amid the trade union and civic group banners were colourful, bilingual placards held aloft by a new generation of activists who have assumed the mantle of mass protest as Japan braces for the biggest shift in its defence posture for 70 years.
(12) Osteoclasts were not observed; occasional osteoblasts, blue mantles and otosclerotic foci were seen.
(13) The third major isoform, which was enriched in the mantle and branchial sac of adults and localized primarily in the tails of tadpoles, is a muscle actin.
(14) Spontaneous pneumothorax was observed only in patients who had received mantle or mini-mantle radiation therapy (RT).
(15) Shortly after mantle field radiation therapy she developed a mass in the anterior mediastinum.
(16) A literature review aimed at completeness, a study of the hitherto largest case material (24 cases), and a comparative analysis of the bleeding and normal gastric arteries gave the following results: (1) the walls of the pathologic arteries are of normal structure; (2) as submucous arteries, they are of normal diameter; (3) they are attached to the mucosa by virtue of Wanke's musculoelastic mantle; (4) at the level of the muscularis mucosae, they are definitely oversized; (5) in the area of the linkage of the artery to the mucosa, a vulnerable mucosal spot is created; (6) the artery is accompanied by a vein of similar caliber; and (7) perforation of the vein takes place before that of the artery.
(17) However, these specimens have also shown incipient cracks in the acrylic cement that emanate from and connect defects in the cement mantle and at the metal-cement interface.
(18) Aggressive intrapartum management is indicated in most of these cases regardless of cortical mantle thickness.
(19) The results of the various histochemical reactions on mucosubstances indicate that in the middle fold of the mantle edge two types of mucus cells exist, one producing sulphomucins and the other neutral mucosubstances.
(20) Her original concept was that he might shed the kingly mantle, be just a poor player strutting, but he couldn’t get out fast enough from his prosthetic withered arm.