(n. pl.) Small, generally microscopic, vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the air passages of the higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many larval forms, they are locomotive organs.
(n. pl.) Hairlike processes, commonly marginal and forming a fringe like the eyelash.
(n. pl.) Small, vibratory, swimming organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of Ctenophora.
Example Sentences:
(1) Electron microscopic evaluation of microsomal fractions showed elements of the plasma membrane, including cilia and microvilli, as well as rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
(2) However, when cells were grown in medium containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide, as many as 50% of the cells had cilia with a 9+0 microtubular pattern.
(3) The narrow intercellular ridge is smooth, whereas the epithelial cells have small cytoplasmic knobs between the cilia.
(4) Chemosensory cilia of olfactory receptor neurons contain an adenylate cyclase which is stimulated by high concentrations of odorants.
(5) An unusual monomeric cGMP-dependent protein kinase, enriched in cilia, was isolated from Paramecium cilia and whole cells.
(6) Although younger, the CF patients tended to be more obstructed in their lungs and more handicapped than the patients suffering from the immotile-cilia syndrome.
(7) Although the functional significance of S-100b protein-like immunoreactivity in the centriole, cilia, and basal bodies remains to be elucidated, the present results introduce new perspectives into the investigation of localization and function of S-100 proteins.
(8) The unique structure of these cilia has systematic and phylogenetic significance for the Acoela, and it is argued that ultrastructural characters in general, including characters of organelles, can be validly applied to the phylogeny and systematics of the Metazoa.
(9) The OCI-related membrane appeared a cause of OCI interference with fimbrial ovum capture by preventing the contact between the fimbrial cilia and the cumulus oophorus.
(10) There was gradual regeneration of epithelium which showed slow maturation from flat non-ciliated epithelium to partially cuboidal and columnar epithelium with some cilia showing early differentiation to respiratory epithelium.
(11) The pattern of microtubular organization resembles that of cilia modified for chemoreception rather than that of classic kinocilia.
(12) We observed distinct patterns in the distribution of cilia, microvilli, other cell projections, and the so called supraependymal structures.
(13) We investigated the ultrastructure of nasal cilia in 27 children suffering from recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract, during and after the onset of an acute respiratory infection, and after a convalescent period of 12 weeks.
(14) Receptor cells with cilia were observed, and although the olfactory system undergoes further differentiation during pouch life and although the olfactory epithelium and bulb of the newborn differs from that of the adult, these facts do not preclude the ability of the newborn to detect smell.
(15) Prednisolone, a hormone morphogenetic in mammals appeared to be the most active in regenerating cilia.
(16) The isolated cells have an ovoid soma, a dendrite of variable length which terminates in a cilia-bearing knob and an axon, also of variable length.
(17) Receptors with intracellular cilia also lie below the epithelium and send dendrites bearing cilia to the surface.
(18) After 40-70 Gy, scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of vesicles on cilia, and club-like protrusions and adhesion of their tips.
(19) Cilia, primarily of the lamellibranch gill (Elliptio and Mytilus), have been examined in freeze-etch replicas.
(20) Ciliary abnormalities fell into four major categories: (1) cilia with a single axoneme and excess cytoplasmic matrix; (2) compound cilia; (3) intracytoplasmic microtubular doublets; and (4) cilia within periciliary sheaths.
Pilus
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Ultrastructural studies of Aeromonas hydrophila strain AH26 revealed two distinctive pilus types: "straight" pili appear as brittle, rod-like filaments, whereas "flexible" pili are supple and curvilinear.
(2) Phagocytic killing in the presence of each monoclonal antibody paralleled the increase in chemiluminescence, suggesting that for this variant killing was an inevitable consequence of the interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with gonococci opsonized with anti-pilus antibodies.
(3) These results show for the first time the role of a specific pilus structure in colonization of the human intestine by V. cholerae O1 and exemplify the significance of a genetic regulon in pathogenesis.
(4) The relative affinity of these peptides for anti-EDP208 pilus antibodies was determined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the Fab fragment of anti-EDP208 pilus immunoglobulin G. From these results we established that the antigenic region of this peptide was the N-terminal pentapeptide, N-acetyl-Thr-Asp-Leu-Leu-Ala, and the key residues responsible for the antibody-antigen interaction are the N-acetyl-Thr1, Leu3, and Leu4.
(5) The antigenic surface-associated colonization factor of E. coli strain H-10407 has been further characterized: this pilus-like antigen is produced under conditions of growth that repress the production of common pili of E. coli.
(6) The degree of S-pilin processing and the levels of membrane-associated pilin varied among the different classes of mutants, suggesting that each was blocked at a distinct step of pilus biogenesis.
(7) At the basis of each pilus, a cell wall differentiation was observed appearing, in face-on-view, as a ring-like structure made up of subunits, and in side-on view as a hollow cylinder penetrating through the cell wall.
(8) Using Western blot analysis of the immunizing pilus and its cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragments, IgG antibody to pilin was detected before immunization in all individuals.
(9) K99+, 987P+, and type 1 pilus+ bacteria could be prevented from adhering to epithelial cells by Fab fragments specific for K99, 987P, or type 1 pili, respectively.
(10) One recombinant pilus was shown to elicit antibodies against the synthetic peptide in immunized rats.
(11) A purified Gal-Gal pilus vaccine prevented (P less than 0.05) subsequent colonization by a challenge wild-type strain that exhibited homologous pili.
(12) These results showed that trbC function is essential to the F plasmid conjugative transfer system and suggested that the TrbC protein participates in F-pilus assembly.
(13) These observations may indicate a possible evolutionary relationship(s) of plasmids unrelated by the criteria of incompatibility, pilus phage specificity, or plasmid host range.
(14) The presence of an invertible element (Min) is suggested which enables the formation of conjugative pili at 30 degrees C, but switches off the pilus formation at 37 degrees C incubation temperature.
(15) Three classes of pili, alpha, beta and gamma of ascending sub-unit size were identified among the 7 pilus antigen serogroups.
(16) A high titre of pilus antibodies was obtained by immunizing rabbits with mutants whose pili had lost their ability to retract into the cell.
(17) Earlier studies have shown that the majority of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections which possess a D-mannose-resistant adhesin contain gene sequences homologous to the pap pilus gene sequences encoded on the recombinant plasmid pRHU845.
(18) Like R100, R62 prevented transfer, pilus formation, and surface exclusion and, therefore, probably inhibits expression of the transfer operon traA through traI.
(19) The pilS1 locus contains six tandem pilus gene copies linked by a 39 bp repeat sequence also present in the expression loci.
(20) This mutant no longer produced a 20.5-kDa protein (TcpA) that we show is the major subunit of a V. cholerae pilus.