(n. pl.) Small, generally microscopic, vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the air passages of the higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many larval forms, they are locomotive organs.
(n. pl.) Hairlike processes, commonly marginal and forming a fringe like the eyelash.
(n. pl.) Small, vibratory, swimming organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of Ctenophora.
Example Sentences:
(1) Electron microscopic evaluation of microsomal fractions showed elements of the plasma membrane, including cilia and microvilli, as well as rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
(2) However, when cells were grown in medium containing 2% dimethyl sulfoxide, as many as 50% of the cells had cilia with a 9+0 microtubular pattern.
(3) The narrow intercellular ridge is smooth, whereas the epithelial cells have small cytoplasmic knobs between the cilia.
(4) Chemosensory cilia of olfactory receptor neurons contain an adenylate cyclase which is stimulated by high concentrations of odorants.
(5) An unusual monomeric cGMP-dependent protein kinase, enriched in cilia, was isolated from Paramecium cilia and whole cells.
(6) Although younger, the CF patients tended to be more obstructed in their lungs and more handicapped than the patients suffering from the immotile-cilia syndrome.
(7) Although the functional significance of S-100b protein-like immunoreactivity in the centriole, cilia, and basal bodies remains to be elucidated, the present results introduce new perspectives into the investigation of localization and function of S-100 proteins.
(8) The unique structure of these cilia has systematic and phylogenetic significance for the Acoela, and it is argued that ultrastructural characters in general, including characters of organelles, can be validly applied to the phylogeny and systematics of the Metazoa.
(9) The OCI-related membrane appeared a cause of OCI interference with fimbrial ovum capture by preventing the contact between the fimbrial cilia and the cumulus oophorus.
(10) There was gradual regeneration of epithelium which showed slow maturation from flat non-ciliated epithelium to partially cuboidal and columnar epithelium with some cilia showing early differentiation to respiratory epithelium.
(11) The pattern of microtubular organization resembles that of cilia modified for chemoreception rather than that of classic kinocilia.
(12) We observed distinct patterns in the distribution of cilia, microvilli, other cell projections, and the so called supraependymal structures.
(13) We investigated the ultrastructure of nasal cilia in 27 children suffering from recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract, during and after the onset of an acute respiratory infection, and after a convalescent period of 12 weeks.
(14) Receptor cells with cilia were observed, and although the olfactory system undergoes further differentiation during pouch life and although the olfactory epithelium and bulb of the newborn differs from that of the adult, these facts do not preclude the ability of the newborn to detect smell.
(15) Prednisolone, a hormone morphogenetic in mammals appeared to be the most active in regenerating cilia.
(16) The isolated cells have an ovoid soma, a dendrite of variable length which terminates in a cilia-bearing knob and an axon, also of variable length.
(17) Receptors with intracellular cilia also lie below the epithelium and send dendrites bearing cilia to the surface.
(18) After 40-70 Gy, scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of vesicles on cilia, and club-like protrusions and adhesion of their tips.
(19) Cilia, primarily of the lamellibranch gill (Elliptio and Mytilus), have been examined in freeze-etch replicas.
(20) Ciliary abnormalities fell into four major categories: (1) cilia with a single axoneme and excess cytoplasmic matrix; (2) compound cilia; (3) intracytoplasmic microtubular doublets; and (4) cilia within periciliary sheaths.
Protozoan
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.
(n.) One of the Protozoa.
Example Sentences:
(1) This ability may be associated with virulence, because an attenuated strain of L. pneumophila fails to multiply within this protozoan, whereas a virulent strain increases 10,000-fold in number when coincubated with T. pyriformis.
(2) Upon incubation with fluoresceinylated neoglycoproteins, isolated macronuclei from the ciliated protozoan Euplotes eurystomus display different labelling patterns depending on the nature of the sugar bound to the neoglycoproteins.
(3) It is suggested that this early immune maturity may play a role in the hardiness of WAD goats and in their relative resistance to helminth and protozoan infection as compared with local sheep.
(4) We compared the molecular nature of the rat brain opiate receptor with that of the invertebrate leech, Haemopis marmorata, and the protozoan, Tetrahymena, in order to examine the issue of apparent receptor heterogeneity with respect to biochemical structure.
(5) The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is able to replicate in the cytoplasm of primary resident macrophages, but is killed by activated macrophages.
(6) Axenic H. vermiformis strain CDC-19 has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 50237) and should prove useful in the study of protozoan-bacterial interaction.
(7) No cross reactions were observed in sera immune to other protozoan, helmintic and bacterial infections, although some cross reactivity was seen in P. falciparum immune sera.
(8) Alveolar macrophages from the 3 groups of subjects had similar limited microbicidal ability for the obligate intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, and similar numbers of elastase receptors and affinity for elastase.
(9) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from blood forms and culture forms of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei was resolved into multiple peaks of activity by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography.
(10) A list is provided of the naturally or experimentally Aedes aegypti transmitted arboviruses (103), protozoans (5) and filaria (20).
(11) A 50% inhibition of the biosynthesis of dihydrosterculate is observed in the presence of 4 microM 10-thiastearate in the protozoan growth medium, but little effect is seen on the distribution of the other fatty acids.
(12) Protozoan species abundance was reduced to less than half by Zn but was unaffected by snails.
(13) Its presence in Giardia is consistent with the view that ARF emerged before the divergence of this protozoan from other eukaryotes (approximately 1.5 billion years ago), and that an ARF-like protein may have been the ancestor of several other classes of signal-transducing guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, including the alpha subunits of the heterotrimeric G proteins.
(14) We have found that the anaerobic protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia is incapable of de novo pyrimidine metabolism, as shown by its inability to incorporate orotate, bicarbonate, and aspartate into the pyrimidine nucleotide pool.
(15) Entamoeba coli was the most frequent protozoan (23.5%).
(16) In the macronucleus of the ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis GL, the genes coding for 17S and 25S rRNA exist as free, extrachromosomal molecules.
(17) Faecal samples were collected from 20 pigs in 4 age groups in randomly selected piggeries, and examined for the presence of eggs of helminth parasites and protozoan cysts.
(18) Nucleoside salvage pathways are vital to the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and have become important targets in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents against this organism.
(19) It is now well established that pathogens such as viruses, fungi bacteria and protozoans can have profound effects on the dynamics of their invertebrate host populations.
(20) Leishmania donovani, the protozoan causing visceral leishmaniasis, is an obligate intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages.