What's the difference between cinchona and cinchonine?
Cinchona
Definition:
(n.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.
(n.) The bark of any species of Cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.
Example Sentences:
(1) Comparison with two other methods showed that this procedure yields the total amount of cinchona alkaloids present in serum, which makes it extremely useful for routine clinical analysis.
(2) To buy the best species, Cinchona calisaya, one needs a perfect knowledge of these trees.
(3) Purgatives, emetics, opium, cinchona bark, camphor, potassium nitrate and mercury were among the most widely used drugs.
(4) The results suggest that cinchona alkaloids might affect myocardial contractility by their effects on Ca++ handling by SRV.
(5) Various methods and drugs were recommended and used for the therapy of depression in the 19th century, such as baths and massage, ferrous iodide, arsenic, ergot, strophantin, and cinchona.
(6) The specificity is based on quenching of the fluorescence of cinchona alkaloids by chloride ions.
(7) In vitro studies with quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine showed that despite a similarity of chemical structure, the effectiveness of these cinchona bark alkaloids against several culture lines of Plasmodium falciparum varied widely.
(8) We have compared the in-vitro interactions of quinine and cinchonine, two alkaloids from cinchona bark, with human neutrophil functions.
(9) The intramolecular aliphatic N-O distance in enpiroline was 2.80 A (1 A = 0.1 nm), which is close to the N-O distance found in the antimalarial cinchona alkaloids.
(10) This component was less sensitive than the endogenous transporter to inhibition by the Cinchona bark alkaloids quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine, but showed a much greater sensitivity than the native system to inhibition by piperine.
(11) The assay is demonstrated using extracts of cultured Cinchona ledgeriana cells.
(12) The stem bark and stem wood of Cinchona pubescens were found to owe their weak cytotoxic activity to the presence of quinovic acid.
(13) A TLC--colorimetric method also is described for the assay of quinine and quinidine in the presence of cinchonine, cinchonidine, and other cinchona alkaloids.
(14) Using the inhibition assay for monitoring, the extracts of Hydrangea Dulcis folium, Scopoliae rhizoma, Cinchona cortex, Magnoliae cortex, Stephania tuber, and Rauwolfia radix were analysed to characterize the active constituents.
(15) This work summarises the clinical pharmacology of quinine, a cinchona alkaloid, whose use in chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is of great value considering the staggering effects the infection and its morbidity have upon social and economic development of malaria endemic areas of the world.
(16) In addition, the dihydro contaminants of the cinchona alkaloids were also metabolized by aldehyde oxidase to the 2-quinolone derivatives.
(17) Charles Ledger, a British general tradesman, was able to achieve that thanks to his alert spirit of observation, his (and that of his Bolivian servant Manuel) long experience of the Andes, and the chance that brought them to fall upon a group of exceptional cinchonas which had grown on an impervious slope of the Andes.
(18) Quinine, a cinchona alkaloid, was investigated for putative anxiogenic activity in view of clinical reports suggesting that it induces anxiety and apprehension following its use in malaria.
(19) Combinations of cinchona bark alkaloids could thus be of interest in areas where P. falciparum is becoming less susceptible to quinine.
(20) The use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced with thermospray (TSP) mass spectrometry is described for the separation and identification of various alkaloids from Cinchona ledgeriana extracts.
Cinchonine
Definition:
(n.) One of the quinine group of alkaloids isomeric with and resembling cinchonidine; -- called also cinchonia.
Example Sentences:
(1) A spectrophotometric method for the determination of some alkaloids (namely ephedrine HCl, cinchonine HCl, chlorpheniramine maleate, atropine sulphate and diphenhydramine HCl) as separate compounds as well as in pharmaceutical preparations through the formation of their ion-pair (reineckate complexes) is described.
(2) The synthesis and the pharmacological evaluation of a new series of O-(beta-diethylaminoethyl)aldoxines derived from cinchonine-aldehydes substituted at position 2 by alkyl and alkoxyl groups are described.
(3) Moreover, the acute toxicity of cinchonine in rats and mice was lower than that of other quinine-related compounds.
(4) Pharmacokinetics of quinine, quinidine and cinchonine when given as a combination were evaluated in Thai patients with falciparum malaria during acute infection and convalescence.
(5) Cinchonine was more effective than quinine in reducing tumor mass and increasing the survival of rats inoculated i.p.
(6) HPLC analysis indicated that (+)cinchonine, (-)cinchonidine and (-)quinine were present in a ratio of approximately 1:1:2, respectively.
(7) The lower toxicity and greater potentiation of in vivo anthracycline activity produced by cinchonine are favorable characteristics for its use as an anti-multidrug resistance agent in future clinical trials.
(8) In vitro studies with quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine showed that despite a similarity of chemical structure, the effectiveness of these cinchona bark alkaloids against several culture lines of Plasmodium falciparum varied widely.
(9) Depending on the strain tested, quinidine and cinchonine were 1 to 10 and 1 to 5 times, respectively, more active than quinine.
(10) We have compared the in-vitro interactions of quinine and cinchonine, two alkaloids from cinchona bark, with human neutrophil functions.
(11) Thirteen patients with acute symptomatic uncomplicated falciparum malaria were enrolled in an open, randomized, phase 2, dose-finding clinical trial of a fixed dosage combination of quinine, quinidine and cinchonine (LA40221, Sanofi Recherche, France), which contained equal parts of the 3 alkaloids and was administered orally every 8 h in doses of 400 mg (7 patients) or 500 mg (6 patients) for 7 d. There was prompt clearance of parasitaemia and fever in all patients.
(12) This component was less sensitive than the endogenous transporter to inhibition by the Cinchona bark alkaloids quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine, but showed a much greater sensitivity than the native system to inhibition by piperine.
(13) A TLC--colorimetric method also is described for the assay of quinine and quinidine in the presence of cinchonine, cinchonidine, and other cinchona alkaloids.
(14) To the extract was added the internal standard, cinchonine, followed by evaporation to dryness.
(15) The method, simple, accurate, and selective, requires only a single-step liquid-liquid extraction and uses the structurally similar alkaloid, cinchonine, as the internal standard.
(16) The potentiation was found to depend mainly on the presence of cinchonine in the mixtures studied.
(17) The combination of quinine, quinidine and cinchonine was randomly given to thirteen patients at 400 mg or 600 mg (consisting of one-third of each component; 7 patients were enrolled in 400 mg regimen and 6 in 600 mg regimen) intravenously every 8 hours for 7 days.
(18) New compounds derived from cinchoninic acid esters and amides were prepared.
(19) The protonation energies calculated for cinchonidine and cinchonine confirm the higher basicity of the aliphatic N(1) as compared with that of the aromatic N(13) atom.
(20) Testing in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 47 patients (including the 13 patients enrolled in the trial) of the combination and its individual components suggested that the relative potencies in vitro, in decreasing order, were quinidine, LA40221, cinchonine and quinine.