(n.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.
(n.) The bark of any species of Cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.
Example Sentences:
(1) Comparison with two other methods showed that this procedure yields the total amount of cinchona alkaloids present in serum, which makes it extremely useful for routine clinical analysis.
(2) To buy the best species, Cinchona calisaya, one needs a perfect knowledge of these trees.
(3) Purgatives, emetics, opium, cinchona bark, camphor, potassium nitrate and mercury were among the most widely used drugs.
(4) The results suggest that cinchona alkaloids might affect myocardial contractility by their effects on Ca++ handling by SRV.
(5) Various methods and drugs were recommended and used for the therapy of depression in the 19th century, such as baths and massage, ferrous iodide, arsenic, ergot, strophantin, and cinchona.
(6) The specificity is based on quenching of the fluorescence of cinchona alkaloids by chloride ions.
(7) In vitro studies with quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine showed that despite a similarity of chemical structure, the effectiveness of these cinchona bark alkaloids against several culture lines of Plasmodium falciparum varied widely.
(8) We have compared the in-vitro interactions of quinine and cinchonine, two alkaloids from cinchona bark, with human neutrophil functions.
(9) The intramolecular aliphatic N-O distance in enpiroline was 2.80 A (1 A = 0.1 nm), which is close to the N-O distance found in the antimalarial cinchona alkaloids.
(10) This component was less sensitive than the endogenous transporter to inhibition by the Cinchona bark alkaloids quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine, but showed a much greater sensitivity than the native system to inhibition by piperine.
(11) The assay is demonstrated using extracts of cultured Cinchona ledgeriana cells.
(12) The stem bark and stem wood of Cinchona pubescens were found to owe their weak cytotoxic activity to the presence of quinovic acid.
(13) A TLC--colorimetric method also is described for the assay of quinine and quinidine in the presence of cinchonine, cinchonidine, and other cinchona alkaloids.
(14) Using the inhibition assay for monitoring, the extracts of Hydrangea Dulcis folium, Scopoliae rhizoma, Cinchona cortex, Magnoliae cortex, Stephania tuber, and Rauwolfia radix were analysed to characterize the active constituents.
(15) This work summarises the clinical pharmacology of quinine, a cinchona alkaloid, whose use in chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is of great value considering the staggering effects the infection and its morbidity have upon social and economic development of malaria endemic areas of the world.
(16) In addition, the dihydro contaminants of the cinchona alkaloids were also metabolized by aldehyde oxidase to the 2-quinolone derivatives.
(17) Charles Ledger, a British general tradesman, was able to achieve that thanks to his alert spirit of observation, his (and that of his Bolivian servant Manuel) long experience of the Andes, and the chance that brought them to fall upon a group of exceptional cinchonas which had grown on an impervious slope of the Andes.
(18) Quinine, a cinchona alkaloid, was investigated for putative anxiogenic activity in view of clinical reports suggesting that it induces anxiety and apprehension following its use in malaria.
(19) Combinations of cinchona bark alkaloids could thus be of interest in areas where P. falciparum is becoming less susceptible to quinine.
(20) The use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced with thermospray (TSP) mass spectrometry is described for the separation and identification of various alkaloids from Cinchona ledgeriana extracts.
Quinine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona (esp. Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white crystalline substance, C20H24N2O2. Hence, by extension (Med.), any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) The influence of the hexylsalicylic acid (2) on the pharmacokinetic of the quinine (1), was studied using rabbits.
(2) Concomitant with the inhibition of K+ and Na+ transport, quinine stimulates ATP hydrolysis by 57%.
(3) those that had entered the G1 phase) expressed an increased amount of Fc gamma RII and (b) blocking the entry of activated cells into the S phase (with the ion channel blocker quinine) did not affect the Fc gamma RII induction by LPS.
(4) It was found that DI rats responded less than LE rats on the progressive-ratio schedule and that DI rats suppressed drinking as much as LE rats at each concentration of quinine used on the drinking-suppression test.
(5) Microsomal metabolites were also isolated from quinine and quinidine incubations with rabbit or guinea pig liver fractions.
(6) A nearly complete blockade of channel current was observed at 100 nM quinine and above.
(7) Treatment may be delayed because the therapy recommended for severe or complicated disease, intravenous quinine dihydrochloride, is available only from the Centers for Disease Control.
(8) Cell proliferation was equally sensitive to quinine regardless of mitogen.
(9) The responses to quinine and mefloquine or halofantrine showed no correlation with each other.
(10) The CGRP-IR levels in the rostral (gustatory) part of the insular cortex were increased significantly by strongly aversive taste stimuli such as quinine hydrochloride and conditioned taste stimuli (NaCl and sucrose) which animals had been taught to avoid.
(11) Quinidine, the stereoisomer of quinine, had no effect on either cells from the patient or normal cells.
(12) Despite the presence in the region of an important resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine (80% specimens), one can conclude to a satisfying susceptibility of this parasite to quinine, provided posology and divided doses are respected.
(13) The clinical application of the method for routine drug monitoring and for estimating the pharmacokinetics of quinine and quinidine in man are discussed.
(14) The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of tertian malaria, to synthetic antimalarials, together with the resistance of the vector mosquitoes to insecticides, has resulted in a resurgence in the use of quinine and a search for new antimalarial agents.
(15) all infections were sensitive to quinine plus tetracycline.
(16) Quinine applied on the intracellular side of the membrane in micromolar concentrations chopped the unitary K+ currents into bursts of brief openings.
(17) This was shown by a dye exclusion test and by mitogen stimulation after exposure and removal of quinine from the medium.
(18) These are insensitive to quinine, suggesting that they are not caused by an intracellular Ca accumulation.
(19) The spread of chloroquine-resistant malaria has led to a resurgence of quinine in clinical use.