(n.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.
(n.) The bark of any species of Cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.
Example Sentences:
(1) Comparison with two other methods showed that this procedure yields the total amount of cinchona alkaloids present in serum, which makes it extremely useful for routine clinical analysis.
(2) To buy the best species, Cinchona calisaya, one needs a perfect knowledge of these trees.
(3) Purgatives, emetics, opium, cinchona bark, camphor, potassium nitrate and mercury were among the most widely used drugs.
(4) The results suggest that cinchona alkaloids might affect myocardial contractility by their effects on Ca++ handling by SRV.
(5) Various methods and drugs were recommended and used for the therapy of depression in the 19th century, such as baths and massage, ferrous iodide, arsenic, ergot, strophantin, and cinchona.
(6) The specificity is based on quenching of the fluorescence of cinchona alkaloids by chloride ions.
(7) In vitro studies with quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine showed that despite a similarity of chemical structure, the effectiveness of these cinchona bark alkaloids against several culture lines of Plasmodium falciparum varied widely.
(8) We have compared the in-vitro interactions of quinine and cinchonine, two alkaloids from cinchona bark, with human neutrophil functions.
(9) The intramolecular aliphatic N-O distance in enpiroline was 2.80 A (1 A = 0.1 nm), which is close to the N-O distance found in the antimalarial cinchona alkaloids.
(10) This component was less sensitive than the endogenous transporter to inhibition by the Cinchona bark alkaloids quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine, but showed a much greater sensitivity than the native system to inhibition by piperine.
(11) The assay is demonstrated using extracts of cultured Cinchona ledgeriana cells.
(12) The stem bark and stem wood of Cinchona pubescens were found to owe their weak cytotoxic activity to the presence of quinovic acid.
(13) A TLC--colorimetric method also is described for the assay of quinine and quinidine in the presence of cinchonine, cinchonidine, and other cinchona alkaloids.
(14) Using the inhibition assay for monitoring, the extracts of Hydrangea Dulcis folium, Scopoliae rhizoma, Cinchona cortex, Magnoliae cortex, Stephania tuber, and Rauwolfia radix were analysed to characterize the active constituents.
(15) This work summarises the clinical pharmacology of quinine, a cinchona alkaloid, whose use in chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is of great value considering the staggering effects the infection and its morbidity have upon social and economic development of malaria endemic areas of the world.
(16) In addition, the dihydro contaminants of the cinchona alkaloids were also metabolized by aldehyde oxidase to the 2-quinolone derivatives.
(17) Charles Ledger, a British general tradesman, was able to achieve that thanks to his alert spirit of observation, his (and that of his Bolivian servant Manuel) long experience of the Andes, and the chance that brought them to fall upon a group of exceptional cinchonas which had grown on an impervious slope of the Andes.
(18) Quinine, a cinchona alkaloid, was investigated for putative anxiogenic activity in view of clinical reports suggesting that it induces anxiety and apprehension following its use in malaria.
(19) Combinations of cinchona bark alkaloids could thus be of interest in areas where P. falciparum is becoming less susceptible to quinine.
(20) The use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced with thermospray (TSP) mass spectrometry is described for the separation and identification of various alkaloids from Cinchona ledgeriana extracts.
Tree
Definition:
(n.) Any perennial woody plant of considerable size (usually over twenty feet high) and growing with a single trunk.
(n.) Something constructed in the form of, or considered as resembling, a tree, consisting of a stem, or stock, and branches; as, a genealogical tree.
(n.) A piece of timber, or something commonly made of timber; -- used in composition, as in axletree, boottree, chesstree, crosstree, whiffletree, and the like.
(n.) A cross or gallows; as Tyburn tree.
(n.) Wood; timber.
(n.) A mass of crystals, aggregated in arborescent forms, obtained by precipitation of a metal from solution. See Lead tree, under Lead.
(v. t.) To drive to a tree; to cause to ascend a tree; as, a dog trees a squirrel.
(v. t.) To place upon a tree; to fit with a tree; to stretch upon a tree; as, to tree a boot. See Tree, n., 3.
Example Sentences:
(1) Arterial compliance of great vessels can be studied through the Doppler evaluation of pulsed wave velocity along the arterial tree.
(2) The only sign of life was excavators loading trees on to barges to take to pulp mills.
(3) These findings suggest that aerosolization of ATP into the cystic fibrosis-affected bronchial tree might be hazardous in terms of enhancement of parenchymal damage, which would result from neutrophil elastase release, and in terms of impaired respiratory lung function.
(4) While there has been almost no political reform during their terms of office, there have been several ambitious steps forward in terms of environmental policy: anti-desertification campaigns; tree planting; an environmental transparency law; adoption of carbon targets; eco-services compensation; eco accounting; caps on water; lower economic growth targets; the 12th Five-Year Plan; debate and increased monitoring of PM2.5 [fine particulate matter] and huge investments in eco-cities, "clean car" manufacturing, public transport, energy-saving devices and renewable technology.
(5) Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is characterized by an absence of seromucous glands in the oropharynx and tracheobronchial tree, making children with this disease prone to viral and bacterial respiratory infections.
(6) Celebrity woodlanders Tax breaks and tree-hugging already draw the wealthy and well-known to buy British forests.
(7) A new family tree of the tyrannosaurs in the paper considers Lythronax to be very close to Tyrannosaurus and its nearest relatives.
(8) Increasing awareness of disorders such as coronary arterial spasm, functional impairment of subendocardial blood flow and the possible role of variant patterns of anatomic distribution of the coronary arterial tree, will provide a better understanding of their significance as determining or contributing factors in patients with the anginal syndrome.
(9) It's of her and Barack Obama planting an olive tree in Uhuru park in the city centre in October 2006.
(10) The alterations of dendritic trees of pyramidal neurons of layer III of visual cortex of the rat exposed to the influence of space flight aboard biosputnik "Cosmos-1887" were studied and the results are described to illustrate the methods power.
(11) The trachea and the bronchial tree (first through seventh order branches) both synthesized alpha1(II) chains.
(12) Using a large clinic population with adequate controls, significant correlation between ragweed, grass or tree pollen sensitivity and the dates of birth was not obtained.
(13) The criteria selected by a classification tree method were similar: palpable purpura, age less than or equal to 20 years at disease onset, biopsy showing granulocytes around arterioles or venules, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
(14) The results are consistent with an action of banana tree juice on the molecule responsible for excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle, resulting in a labilization of intracellular Ca2+.
(15) Studying the bronchial tree on the chest x-ray it is possible to indicate the visceral situs with asplenia or with polysplenia.
(16) Reconstruction of the intrahepatic biliary tree was carried out in all patients using intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomies between common segmental hepatic stomata and a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop.
(17) Axonal trees display differential growth during development or regeneration; that is, some branches stop growing and often retract while other branches continue to grow and form stable synaptic connections.
(18) When the vascular supply is abnormal, reconstruction of the vascular tree of one or both organs may be needed.
(19) A major outbreak in Kent in 2012 saw 2,000 trees felled.
(20) "We are alarmed to see the government is even wavering about continuing its programme of tracing, testing and destroying infected young ash trees.