What's the difference between cinchonine and quinine?
Cinchonine
Definition:
(n.) One of the quinine group of alkaloids isomeric with and resembling cinchonidine; -- called also cinchonia.
Example Sentences:
(1) A spectrophotometric method for the determination of some alkaloids (namely ephedrine HCl, cinchonine HCl, chlorpheniramine maleate, atropine sulphate and diphenhydramine HCl) as separate compounds as well as in pharmaceutical preparations through the formation of their ion-pair (reineckate complexes) is described.
(2) The synthesis and the pharmacological evaluation of a new series of O-(beta-diethylaminoethyl)aldoxines derived from cinchonine-aldehydes substituted at position 2 by alkyl and alkoxyl groups are described.
(3) Moreover, the acute toxicity of cinchonine in rats and mice was lower than that of other quinine-related compounds.
(4) Pharmacokinetics of quinine, quinidine and cinchonine when given as a combination were evaluated in Thai patients with falciparum malaria during acute infection and convalescence.
(5) Cinchonine was more effective than quinine in reducing tumor mass and increasing the survival of rats inoculated i.p.
(6) HPLC analysis indicated that (+)cinchonine, (-)cinchonidine and (-)quinine were present in a ratio of approximately 1:1:2, respectively.
(7) The lower toxicity and greater potentiation of in vivo anthracycline activity produced by cinchonine are favorable characteristics for its use as an anti-multidrug resistance agent in future clinical trials.
(8) In vitro studies with quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine showed that despite a similarity of chemical structure, the effectiveness of these cinchona bark alkaloids against several culture lines of Plasmodium falciparum varied widely.
(9) Depending on the strain tested, quinidine and cinchonine were 1 to 10 and 1 to 5 times, respectively, more active than quinine.
(10) We have compared the in-vitro interactions of quinine and cinchonine, two alkaloids from cinchona bark, with human neutrophil functions.
(11) Thirteen patients with acute symptomatic uncomplicated falciparum malaria were enrolled in an open, randomized, phase 2, dose-finding clinical trial of a fixed dosage combination of quinine, quinidine and cinchonine (LA40221, Sanofi Recherche, France), which contained equal parts of the 3 alkaloids and was administered orally every 8 h in doses of 400 mg (7 patients) or 500 mg (6 patients) for 7 d. There was prompt clearance of parasitaemia and fever in all patients.
(12) This component was less sensitive than the endogenous transporter to inhibition by the Cinchona bark alkaloids quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine, but showed a much greater sensitivity than the native system to inhibition by piperine.
(13) A TLC--colorimetric method also is described for the assay of quinine and quinidine in the presence of cinchonine, cinchonidine, and other cinchona alkaloids.
(14) To the extract was added the internal standard, cinchonine, followed by evaporation to dryness.
(15) The method, simple, accurate, and selective, requires only a single-step liquid-liquid extraction and uses the structurally similar alkaloid, cinchonine, as the internal standard.
(16) The potentiation was found to depend mainly on the presence of cinchonine in the mixtures studied.
(17) The combination of quinine, quinidine and cinchonine was randomly given to thirteen patients at 400 mg or 600 mg (consisting of one-third of each component; 7 patients were enrolled in 400 mg regimen and 6 in 600 mg regimen) intravenously every 8 hours for 7 days.
(18) New compounds derived from cinchoninic acid esters and amides were prepared.
(19) The protonation energies calculated for cinchonidine and cinchonine confirm the higher basicity of the aliphatic N(1) as compared with that of the aromatic N(13) atom.
(20) Testing in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 47 patients (including the 13 patients enrolled in the trial) of the combination and its individual components suggested that the relative potencies in vitro, in decreasing order, were quinidine, LA40221, cinchonine and quinine.
Quinine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona (esp. Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white crystalline substance, C20H24N2O2. Hence, by extension (Med.), any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) The influence of the hexylsalicylic acid (2) on the pharmacokinetic of the quinine (1), was studied using rabbits.
(2) Concomitant with the inhibition of K+ and Na+ transport, quinine stimulates ATP hydrolysis by 57%.
(3) those that had entered the G1 phase) expressed an increased amount of Fc gamma RII and (b) blocking the entry of activated cells into the S phase (with the ion channel blocker quinine) did not affect the Fc gamma RII induction by LPS.
(4) It was found that DI rats responded less than LE rats on the progressive-ratio schedule and that DI rats suppressed drinking as much as LE rats at each concentration of quinine used on the drinking-suppression test.
(5) Microsomal metabolites were also isolated from quinine and quinidine incubations with rabbit or guinea pig liver fractions.
(6) A nearly complete blockade of channel current was observed at 100 nM quinine and above.
(7) Treatment may be delayed because the therapy recommended for severe or complicated disease, intravenous quinine dihydrochloride, is available only from the Centers for Disease Control.
(8) Cell proliferation was equally sensitive to quinine regardless of mitogen.
(9) The responses to quinine and mefloquine or halofantrine showed no correlation with each other.
(10) The CGRP-IR levels in the rostral (gustatory) part of the insular cortex were increased significantly by strongly aversive taste stimuli such as quinine hydrochloride and conditioned taste stimuli (NaCl and sucrose) which animals had been taught to avoid.
(11) Quinidine, the stereoisomer of quinine, had no effect on either cells from the patient or normal cells.
(12) Despite the presence in the region of an important resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine (80% specimens), one can conclude to a satisfying susceptibility of this parasite to quinine, provided posology and divided doses are respected.
(13) The clinical application of the method for routine drug monitoring and for estimating the pharmacokinetics of quinine and quinidine in man are discussed.
(14) The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of tertian malaria, to synthetic antimalarials, together with the resistance of the vector mosquitoes to insecticides, has resulted in a resurgence in the use of quinine and a search for new antimalarial agents.
(15) all infections were sensitive to quinine plus tetracycline.
(16) Quinine applied on the intracellular side of the membrane in micromolar concentrations chopped the unitary K+ currents into bursts of brief openings.
(17) This was shown by a dye exclusion test and by mitogen stimulation after exposure and removal of quinine from the medium.
(18) These are insensitive to quinine, suggesting that they are not caused by an intracellular Ca accumulation.
(19) The spread of chloroquine-resistant malaria has led to a resurgence of quinine in clinical use.