What's the difference between cinnamic and cinnamyl?
Cinnamic
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, cinnamon.
Example Sentences:
(1) Only after a screening tray demonstration of cinnamic aldehyde allergy could a relevant history be taken from these patients.
(2) Ten sensitizing chemicals (oxazolone, picryl chloride, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, benzocaine, cinnamic aldehyde, 2,4,-dinitrothiocyanobenzene, p-nitrosodimethylaniline, formaldehyde, p-phenylenediamine and cyanuric chloride) and equal concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate were examined in a guinea pig local lymph node assay.
(3) The rate of intracellular pH recovery was reduced by the lactate transport inhibitors PCMBS and cinnamate, whereas the inhibitors of inorganic anion-exchange SITS and DIDS had no effect.
(4) In the course of this investigation all constitutional isomers of dihydroxy-benzoic, -phenylpropionic, -phenylacetic and -cinnamic acid were synthesized.
(5) This was also found to be the case with eugenol, eugenol acetate and cinnamic aldehyde as well as with isoprenaline and phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
(6) Furthermore, it could release 14CO2 from phenolcarboxylic and cinnamic acids and alcohols labelled in the OCH3, COOH groups, side chain or aromatic ring carbons.
(7) Circumstantial evidence has pointed to the conversion of alcohol to aldehyde in skin as the cause of cinnamic alcohol sensitization.
(8) At least 3 further esters of caffeic acid or cinnamic acid remain to be studied.
(9) Para-nitro isomers of the cinnamic acids and chalcones were much more active than the corresponding ortho and meta isomers.
(10) Radioactivity from [beta-(14)C]cinnamic acid is not incorporated into plastoquinone, tocopherols or tocopherolquinones, demonstrating that the C(6)-C(1) unit is not formed from any of the C(6)-C(1) phenolic acids associated with the metabolism of this compound.
(11) The effects of various alpha-phenylcinnamic acid derivatives (i.e., alpha-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)cinnamic acid, alpha-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxycinnamic acid, alpha-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and alpha-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) synthesized from 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid and hydroxy-benzaldehyde, and 3,3',4-trihydroxystilbene obtained by decarboxylation of alpha-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxycinnamic acid on rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocyte lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities were studied.
(12) Analysis of the gut contents of rats killed at intervals after dosage with methyl cinnamate or cinnamic acid suggested that both ester and acid were rapidly absorbed; at no time was more than 5% of the dose detected in the lower part of the gut.
(13) These new matrices (sinapinic, ferulic and caffeic acids) are cinnamic acid derivatives that have several practical advantages over the nicotinic acid matrices previously used.
(14) Alpha-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)cinnamic acid, alpha-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxycinnamic acid and alpha-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid also inhibited the formations of 5-HETE, HHT and thromboxane B2, although less strongly.
(15) Embryotoxic action of phenylacetic, cinnamic acids and cinnamic alcohol in doses of 0.02 LD50 and 0.002 LD50 with their daily peroral administration to albino rats was analyzed throughout the whole of the period of pregnancy.
(16) The change in activity of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CA4H) in potato parenchyma tissue exposed to various conditions has been examined.
(17) A sustained reduction of phenylalanine was obtained in less than 1 h. The product of phenylalanine deamination, trans-cinnamic acid, is a nontoxic compound metabolized to benzoic acid by the liver and eliminated in the urine as hippuric acid.
(18) The inhibitor preparations inhibit phenylalanine ammonia-lyase isolated from a number of plant tissues and also cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (trans-cinnamate, NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.13.11) from gherkins and peas, but not a wide range of other enzymes.
(19) This evidence includes the formation of a "type 1" substrate binding spectrum, an increased rate of reduction of cytochrome P-450 by NADPH in the presence of trans-cinnamic acid, an increased oxygen uptake and NADPH oxidation when trans-cinnamic acid is added to the microsomes in the presence of NADPH, and a close correlation between biophysical parameters of electron transport in the cytochrome P-450 system and enzymological parameters of the trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxulation reaction.
(20) Pseudomonas fluorescens was grown on mineral salts media with phenol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid, or p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid as sole carbon and energy source.
Cinnamyl
Definition:
(n.) The hypothetical radical, (C6H5.C2H2)2C, of cinnamic compounds.
Example Sentences:
(1) This suggests that the hepatic effects of cinnamyl anthranilate may be mediated by unhydrolysed cinnamyl anthranilate, which is present only at very high doses due to the saturation of its hydrolysis.
(2) The kinetic data for a hydrophobic substrate, cinnamyl alcohol, showed that this alcohol partitions between the pseudo-phases and thus the apparent Michaelis constant and the concentration at which substrate-excess inhibition appeared were increased.
(3) Photoreduction of the enzyme in the presence of the competitive inhibitor cinnamyl alcohol gives rise to a complete, irreversible bleaching of the flavin spectrum.
(4) Elicitor caused a rapid, marked but transient increase in the synthesis of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase with maximum rates 2-3 h after elicitation, concomitant with the phase of rapid increase in enzyme activity.
(5) The influence of 2-(3-methyl-cinnamyl-hydrazono)-propionate on the utilization of various substrates in isolated rat hemidiaphragms was investigated in comparison with other hypoglycaemic compounds.
(6) Compared to the challenge concentration for cinnamaldehyde, approximately a 15 times higher concentration of cinnamyl alcohol and a 25 times higher concentration of cinnamic acid were required to give positive reactions in animals sensitized to cinnamaldehyde.
(7) The effect of 2-(3-methyl-cinnamyl-hydrazono)-propionate was concentration-dependent.
(8) A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of cinnamyl alcohol (3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol) in fragrance compositions.
(9) This contained cinnamyl anthranilate (more in males) hippuric and anthranilic acids (more in females) in concentrations that increased with dose.
(10) A liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of cinnamyl anthranilate in perfumes and other fragrance compositions.
(11) The 6-substituted analogues of cinnamyl 1-thio-alpha-D-mannopyranoside such as 6-deoxy and 6-O-methyl derivatives also block macrophages in presenting the antigen to T cells.
(12) The fluorescence emission intensity of the eluted cinnamyl alcohol is measured and compared with that of a standard to calculate the amount of cinnamyl alcohol present.
(13) The methodology in use is illustrated by the isolation of cinnamic acid, cinnamyl cinnamate and cinnamyl ricinoleate as the active constituents of the classic medicinal plant product, Styrax asiatica.
(14) The use of cinnamyl nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (DS-NBT) in dehydrogenase experiments (lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase) and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) in cytochrome oxidase experiments indicated that mitochondrial oxidoreduction reactions from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to cytochrome oxidase are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane in the outer compartment and the intracristate spaces.
(15) The enzyme also acted on substituted alkenes such as styrene, cyclohexene, trans-cinnamic acid, trans-cinnamyl alcohol and cis-propenylphosphonic acid, to give the respective bromohydrin compounds or decarboxylated bromo compound.
(16) There is a close correspondence between increased polysomal mRNA activity encoding cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, as measured by incorporation of [35S]methionine into immunoprecipitable enzyme subunits in vitro, and the stimulation of enzyme synthesis in vivo in response to elicitor.
(17) After conjugation of cinnamaldehyde with the protein, a lag time was observed after which cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamic acid were released.
(18) Whereas isoenzyme 1 is specific for coniferyl alcohol, isoenzyme 2 can also oxidize cinnamyl alcohol and a number of substituted cinnamyl alcohols, Km values for substituted cinnamaldehydes are 3-11 times lower than for the corresponding alcohols.
(19) It is concluded that d-N-allylnormetazocine, 1-3-di-o-tolylguanidine, and (+)cinnamyl-1-phenyl-1-N-methyl-N-cyclopropylene stimulate the postprandial colonic motility in dogs by acting selectively on sigma receptors located peripherally and probably by affecting the release of cholecystokinin octapeptide through a central adrenergic mechanism.
(20) Three involatile esters (pentadecalactone, coumarin, and cinnamyl butyrate) predicted by gas chromatographic data to be strongly retarded by the olfactory mucus showed similar significant changes in sensitivity.