What's the difference between class and refinement?

Class


Definition:

  • (n.) A group of individuals ranked together as possessing common characteristics; as, the different classes of society; the educated class; the lower classes.
  • (n.) A number of students in a school or college, of the same standing, or pursuing the same studies.
  • (n.) A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate objects, grouped together on account of their common characteristics, in any classification in natural science, and subdivided into orders, families, tribes, genera, etc.
  • (n.) A set; a kind or description, species or variety.
  • (n.) One of the sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and which is under the supervision of a class leader.
  • (n.) To arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; as, to class words or passages.
  • (n.) To divide into classes, as students; to form into, or place in, a class or classes.
  • (v. i.) To grouped or classed.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The interaction of the antibody with both the bacterial and the tissue derived polysialic acids suggests that the conformational epitope critical for the interaction is formed by both classes of compounds.
  • (2) In dogs, cibenzoline given i.v., had no effects on the slow response systems, probably because of sympathetic nervous system intervention since the class 4 effects of cibenzoline appeared after beta-adrenoceptor blockade.
  • (3) The populations of Asia-Oceania have some features of the class II RFLPs in common, which are distinctly different from Caucasoids.
  • (4) The strongest predictor of non-sudden cardiac death was the New York Heart Association functional class.
  • (5) This modulation results from repetitive, alternating bursts of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, which are caused at least in part by synaptic feedback to the command neurons from identified classes of neurons in the feeding network.
  • (6) Radioligand binding studies revealed the presence of a single class of high-affinity (Kd = 2-6 X 10(-10) M) binding sites for ET-1 in both cells, although the maximal binding capacity of cardiac receptor was about 6- to 12-fold greater than that of vascular receptor.
  • (7) Their contour lengths varied from 0.28 to 51 micron, but unlike in the case of maize, a large difference was not observed in the distribution of molecular classes greater than 1.0 micron between N and S cytoplasms of sugar beet.
  • (8) These sequences are also conserved in the same arrangement in minor sequence classes of minicircles from this strain.
  • (9) This suggests that Mg2+ accelerated both reactions from a single class of site.
  • (10) The sensitivity of an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test (screening test) for the detection of antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was examined by using 128 serum specimens and quaternary aminoethyl (QAE)-Sephadex A50 column chromatography to separate IgM from IgG class antibodies.
  • (11) The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of cromakalim (BRL 34915), a potent drug from a new class of drugs characterized as "K+ channel openers", on the electrical activity of human skeletal muscle.
  • (12) Antibiotics and anticonvulsants were the two most commonly used drug classes.
  • (13) The individual classes of drugs are first treated separately to highlight specific aspects of their quantification, and this is followed by an overview of those methods permitting the concomitant analysis of two or more antiepileptic compounds.
  • (14) the class- and specificity-restricted antigen-sensitive units.
  • (15) A NYHA-class greater than II was observed in 18% of patients with type-I hypertrophy, in 29% with type II, but in 61% with type III (p less than or equal to 0.05).
  • (16) Cell lines specific for class I or class II loci of the MHC produced interferon and colony-stimulating factors.
  • (17) To become president of Afghanistan , Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai changed his wardrobe and modified his name, gave up coffee, embraced a man he once denounced as a “known killer” and even toyed with anger management classes to tame a notorious temper.
  • (18) Enough with Clintonism and its prideful air of professional-class virtue.
  • (19) Participants were selected from existing classes forming a weight training, aerobic exercise and activity control group.
  • (20) This unusual insertion could affect the interaction of cat CD4 with class II molecules, or with FIV, a feline homolog of HIV.

Refinement


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; refinement of ideas.
  • (n.) That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The patients had a high AP, consumed more alcohol, were more well-fed, older and consumed more refined carbohydrates per 1 kg bw and less cholesterol and vegetable protein.
  • (2) After restrained least-squares refinement of the enzyme-substrate complex with the riboflavin omitted from the model, additional electron density appeared near the pyrophosphate, which indicated the presence of an ADPR molecule in the FAD binding site of PHBH.
  • (3) Well-refined x-ray structures of the liganded forms of the wild-type and a mutant protein isolated from a strain defective in chemotaxis but fully competent in transport have provided a molecular view of the sugar-binding site and of a site for interacting with the Trg transmembrane signal transducer.
  • (4) To meet these prerequisites we have introduced some technical refinements: (1) computer-controlled rectilinear translations of the target in combination with different angular positions of the source and (2) computer-controlled rotations of the target around a vertical axis in combination with different angular positions of the source.
  • (5) Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was conceptualized more than 35 years ago, but its clinical application only flourished in the past 10 years after a number of technical refinements.
  • (6) In 1984 the press-fit condylar knee was first introduced and was intended to provide a condylar knee system primarily for posterior cruciate retention that addressed refinements in metallurgy, prosthetic geometry and sizing, cementless fixation, inventory management, and instrumentation.
  • (7) Obviously, the sheer number of lasers being used both clinically and experimentally indicates a great potential for further advancement and refinement in technique and surgical outcomes.
  • (8) Phases from x-ray structure factors (R = 0.43) computed from this model were then used in the calculation of another electron density map against which the model was further refined.
  • (9) Staging classifications are being refined to reflect increasing knowledge of important prognostic indicators, e.g., absence or presence of lymph node involvement, pattern of lymph node involvement, and absence or presence of visceral disease.
  • (10) The ordered aspect of the genetic code table makes this result a plausible starting point for studies of the origin and evolution of the genetic code: these could include, besides a more refined optimization principle at the logical level, some effects more directly related to the physico-chemical context, and the construction of realistic models incorporating both aspects.
  • (11) The structure of Mn(III) superoxide dismutase (Mn(III)SOD) from Thermus thermophilus, a tetramer of chains 203 residues in length, has been refined by restrained least-squares methods.
  • (12) Based on the refined atomic coordinates of the tRNAphe in the orthorhombic crystal, on the recent advances in the distance dependence of the ring-current magnetic field effects and on the adopted values for the isolated hydrogen-bonded NH resonances, a computed spectrum consisting of 23 protons was constructed.
  • (13) It can be used as a simple screening procedure to help determine which of many possible anthelmintic control strategies should be selected for more detailed examination in the field, and it provides a theoretical framework within which ideas concerning the epidemiology of parasitic gastroenteritis can be assessed and refined.
  • (14) The advances in lid and orbital surgery are due to the improvements made in diagnostic equipment and to technical refinements.
  • (15) The group’s refining business performed better than expected, more than doubling profit to $2.2bn from $1bn.
  • (16) They also suggest that both the migration of cortical neurons on glia and the refinement of the mapping between the peripheral whisker field and its cortical representation may depend upon the distribution of substrate adhesion molecules.
  • (17) Thus the present study gives support for a protective effect associated with a fiber-rich or vegetable-rich diet, while it indicates that frequent consumption of refined starchy foods, eggs and fat-rich foods such as cheese and red meat is a risk factor for colo-rectal cancer.
  • (18) Synthesis and discussion is focused on five major areas in which gerontological continuity and change are evidenced: 1) transformation of basic themes over time; 2) gerontology's identity crisis; 3) the social ideology of gerontology; 4) evolution and refinement of gerontological ideas and methods; and 5) temporal frameworks.
  • (19) The course content and format were refined after 11 pharmacists completed a pilot program.
  • (20) This has led to important advances in our understanding of the mechanism of axonal guidance, the physiology of neurotrophic factors and the establishment and refinement of neural connections.