What's the difference between clathrate and crystal?
Clathrate
Definition:
(a.) Shaped like a lattice; cancellate.
(a.) Having the surface marked with raised lines resembling a lattice, as many shells.
Example Sentences:
(1) PGs were produced in a large scale according to the Corey method and could be stabilized by the formation of a clathrate compound with cyclodextrin, which enabled the production of marketable form of highly pure PGs.
(2) Urea and (NH4)2SO4, the next most active agent found in the study, were compared on both whole-leaf homogenates and artificial mixtures containing known quantities of poly-L-lysine and a clathrate of gossypol and acetic acid.
(3) PGE1 in a lipid microsphere formulation (lipo-PGE1) produced a significantly greater increase in lesional skin temperature compared with treatment with PGE1 clathrated in alpha-cyclodextrin 12 months previously in the same group of patients.
(4) The antithrombotic effect of a prostaglandin E1 derivative, OP-1206 (17S-20-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1) X alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (OP-1206 X alpha-CD), was compared with that of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in a electrically induced thrombosis model of guinea-pig mesenteric arteries using intact animals and animals subjected to the superfusion of tranylcypromine (TC, 15 mM) over their mesentery.
(5) The two major classes of compounds are the neutral ionophores, which form charged clathrate complexes with ions, and the carboxylic polyether ionophores which are neutral in the complexed state.
(6) alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (5 ng.kg-1.min-1) was infused from 25 min before occlusion until the end of the experiment.
(7) The Zn2+...O distances are approximately 2.5 A, suggesting that Zn2+ is clathrated and not coordinated, which would require distances of 2.0 A.
(8) This study concentrates on the effect of the stable prostacyclin analogue cicaprost: 5-[(E)-(1S,5S,6S,7R)-7-hydroxy-6-[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methylnona-1 ,6- diinyl]-bicyclo[3,3,0]octan-3-ylidene]-3-oxapentanoic acid (Schering AG), as cyclodextrin clathrate, on spontaneous tumour metastases of two different carcinomas of the rat.
(9) The specificity of the enzyme-catalyzed transfer of different acids to the 2-position can be correlated in part with the dissociation constants for the urea clathrate complexes.
(10) Effects of TKG01 on gastric ulcers and gastric secretion in rats were investigated in comparison with those of TA903, which is the equimolar clathrate compound of TKG01 anhydride with beta-cyclodextrin.
(11) A molecular-graphics study has been performed in order to build and visualize the shape of cavities within different clathrates from X-ray diffraction data [e.g.
(12) Moreover, the effect of Lipo PGE1 was more potent than that of PGE1 X CD (cyclodextrin clathrated PGE1) and PGE1 on this model.
(13) The results provide experimental evidence against the formation of anesthetic clathrates hypothesized by Pauling and Miller in their theories of anesthesia.
(14) Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPE) isolated from Sterculia foetida oil by urea clathration and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were introduced into fungal cultures.
(15) The effect of a chemically stable prostacyclin analog, OP-41483 alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (OP-41483.alpha-CD), on vascular lesions, platelet aggregation and blood pressure were examined and compared with those of prostaglandin E1 alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (PGE1.CD) in in vivo rat models.
(16) The way in which water tends to accommodate small hydrophobic molecules is considered, with particular reference to the clathrate theory and the phenomenon of 'structure making'.
(17) Effects of the clathrate compound of mobenzoxamine (MBX) with beta-cyclodextrin (MBX-CD), a new gastro-intestinal function modulator, on the digestive system were studied in comparison with those of metoclopramide, domperidone and trimebutine.
(18) Under appropriate thermodynamic conditions, the micellar water pool can be converted to clathrate hydrates.
(19) Protein recovery is facilitated by clathrate hydrate formation, which causes the desolubilized protein to exist in a solid phase, distinct from the micellar supernatant.
(20) Large symmetrical alkylammonium ions probably encourage clathrate cage formation, at least at low temperatures.
Crystal
Definition:
(n.) The regular form which a substance tends to assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically arranged, and each species of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See Crystallization.
(n.) The material of quartz, in crystallization transparent or nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged with gray, or the like; -- called also rock crystal. Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf. Smoky quartz, Pebble; also Brazilian pebble, under Brazilian.
(n.) A species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture than common glass, and often cut into ornamental forms. See Flint glass.
(n.) The glass over the dial of a watch case.
(n.) Anything resembling crystal, as clear water, etc.
(1) Such a signal must be due to a small ferromagnetic crystal formed when the nerve is subjected to pressure, such as that due to mechanical injury.
(2) A comprehensive review of the roentgenographic features of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (pseudogout) is presented.
(3) CW Nd:YAG light transmitted by fiber optic cable and sapphire crystal was applied transsclerally to the ciliary body of pigmented and albino rabbits.
(4) The crystal structure of the biological stain, "acridine orange," has been determined.
(5) Urinalysis revealed a low pH, increased ketones and bilirubin excretion, dark yellowish change in color, the appearance of "leaflet-shaped" crystals and increased red blood cells and epithelial cells in the urinary sediment, increased water intake, decreased specific gravity and decreased sodium, potassium and chloride in the urine.
(6) Early in the regression process, cholesterol esters are reduced at least partly by hydrolysis to yield cholesterol, some of which may crystallize and inhibit rapid regression.
(7) Here we determine the position of bound ADP diffused into the recA crystal.
(8) The virus material in these crystals had been subjected to treatment with EDTA at pH 8.0 before crystallization at pH 6.5.
(9) Results obtained show that chlorophyll is more active than other inhibitors studied and suggest a higher surface adsorption intensity on the primary sources of the crystal surface.
(10) The "Mg(2+)-Sarkosyl crystals" (M band) technique distinguishes between membrane-bound and free intracellular DNA.
(11) The molecular structure of the hexagonal crystal form of porcine pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1), an aspartic proteinase from the gastric mucosa, has been determined by molecular replacement using the fungal enzyme, penicillopepsin (EC 3.4.23.6), as the search model.
(12) In vitro experiments show that these macromolecules are able to interact with specific faces of different crystals, influencing both nucleation and crystal growth.
(13) 2 Each of the drugs significantly increased leucocyte cyclic AMP content within 3 h of the injection of crystals.
(14) For Kevin Phillips, just like Wilfried Zaha, this might have been his final act as a Crystal Palace player.
(15) In ancillary studies, multiple cycles of direct dissolution of UCB crystals revealed a progressive decrease in aqueous solubility of UCB as fine crystals were removed; this effect was minimal in CHCl3.
(16) Six dogs were instrumented with electromagnetic flow probes and subendocardial ultrasonic crystals.
(17) The crystallization of the lipase was successfully carried out.
(18) The values of the energy level distributions in crystals obtained from the measurements and analysis reported here are compared with those obtained by a different method for the same protein complex in frozen solution.
(19) The crystal structure of proteolytically modified human ACT has been solved at 2.7-A resolution (Baumann et al., 1991).
(20) These observations support our hypothesis that calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition in joints is regulated by the physical chemical gel state of the connective tissue matrix.