What's the difference between clathrate and inclusion?
Clathrate
Definition:
(a.) Shaped like a lattice; cancellate.
(a.) Having the surface marked with raised lines resembling a lattice, as many shells.
Example Sentences:
(1) PGs were produced in a large scale according to the Corey method and could be stabilized by the formation of a clathrate compound with cyclodextrin, which enabled the production of marketable form of highly pure PGs.
(2) Urea and (NH4)2SO4, the next most active agent found in the study, were compared on both whole-leaf homogenates and artificial mixtures containing known quantities of poly-L-lysine and a clathrate of gossypol and acetic acid.
(3) PGE1 in a lipid microsphere formulation (lipo-PGE1) produced a significantly greater increase in lesional skin temperature compared with treatment with PGE1 clathrated in alpha-cyclodextrin 12 months previously in the same group of patients.
(4) The antithrombotic effect of a prostaglandin E1 derivative, OP-1206 (17S-20-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1) X alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (OP-1206 X alpha-CD), was compared with that of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in a electrically induced thrombosis model of guinea-pig mesenteric arteries using intact animals and animals subjected to the superfusion of tranylcypromine (TC, 15 mM) over their mesentery.
(5) The two major classes of compounds are the neutral ionophores, which form charged clathrate complexes with ions, and the carboxylic polyether ionophores which are neutral in the complexed state.
(6) alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (5 ng.kg-1.min-1) was infused from 25 min before occlusion until the end of the experiment.
(7) The Zn2+...O distances are approximately 2.5 A, suggesting that Zn2+ is clathrated and not coordinated, which would require distances of 2.0 A.
(8) This study concentrates on the effect of the stable prostacyclin analogue cicaprost: 5-[(E)-(1S,5S,6S,7R)-7-hydroxy-6-[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methylnona-1 ,6- diinyl]-bicyclo[3,3,0]octan-3-ylidene]-3-oxapentanoic acid (Schering AG), as cyclodextrin clathrate, on spontaneous tumour metastases of two different carcinomas of the rat.
(9) The specificity of the enzyme-catalyzed transfer of different acids to the 2-position can be correlated in part with the dissociation constants for the urea clathrate complexes.
(10) Effects of TKG01 on gastric ulcers and gastric secretion in rats were investigated in comparison with those of TA903, which is the equimolar clathrate compound of TKG01 anhydride with beta-cyclodextrin.
(11) A molecular-graphics study has been performed in order to build and visualize the shape of cavities within different clathrates from X-ray diffraction data [e.g.
(12) Moreover, the effect of Lipo PGE1 was more potent than that of PGE1 X CD (cyclodextrin clathrated PGE1) and PGE1 on this model.
(13) The results provide experimental evidence against the formation of anesthetic clathrates hypothesized by Pauling and Miller in their theories of anesthesia.
(14) Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPE) isolated from Sterculia foetida oil by urea clathration and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were introduced into fungal cultures.
(15) The effect of a chemically stable prostacyclin analog, OP-41483 alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (OP-41483.alpha-CD), on vascular lesions, platelet aggregation and blood pressure were examined and compared with those of prostaglandin E1 alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (PGE1.CD) in in vivo rat models.
(16) The way in which water tends to accommodate small hydrophobic molecules is considered, with particular reference to the clathrate theory and the phenomenon of 'structure making'.
(17) Effects of the clathrate compound of mobenzoxamine (MBX) with beta-cyclodextrin (MBX-CD), a new gastro-intestinal function modulator, on the digestive system were studied in comparison with those of metoclopramide, domperidone and trimebutine.
(18) Under appropriate thermodynamic conditions, the micellar water pool can be converted to clathrate hydrates.
(19) Protein recovery is facilitated by clathrate hydrate formation, which causes the desolubilized protein to exist in a solid phase, distinct from the micellar supernatant.
(20) Large symmetrical alkylammonium ions probably encourage clathrate cage formation, at least at low temperatures.
Inclusion
Definition:
(n.) The act of including, or the state of being included; limitation; restriction; as, the lines of inclusion of his policy.
(n.) A foreign substance, either liquid or solid, usually of minute size, inclosed in the mass of a mineral.
Example Sentences:
(1) Chloroquine induced large cytoplasmic vacuoles, whereas the other drugs (quinacrine, 4,4'-diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol, chlorphentermine, iprindole, 1-chloro-amitriptyline, clomipramine) caused formation of lamellated or crystalloid inclusions as usually seen in drug-induced lipidosis.
(2) The data support inclusion of these residues in future CS protein vaccines.
(3) Since the plasmid-cured strains did not contain DNA sequences homologous to plasmid DNA, the gene for the free-inclusion protein must be encoded in the chromosome.
(4) The effect of exclusion versus inclusion of the fiducial timing point optimizing routine in the signal averaging program was examined in 21 patients.
(5) Electron microscopy revealed the presence of a hitherto unreported peculiar "pilovacuolar" inclusion in numerous mitochondria, composed of an electron dense pile or rod within a vacuole, while globular or crystalline inclusions were absent.
(6) Inclusion-forming and non-inclusion-forming elementary bodies focused in one band at pI 4.64.
(7) The article reflects the experience in the work of the manual therapy consulting-room at the Smela town hospital named after N. A. Semashko in Chernigov Province from November 1985 to December 1987 inclusive.
(8) In either the presence or the absence of hemoglobin, it was commonly observed that the enzyme inactivation, which was maximal at pH 10, was significantly protected by tocopherol, but neither by mannitol nor ethanol, and that the inclusion of arachidonic acid or linoleic acid prevented the enzyme inactivation.
(9) Pyogenic granulomas accounted for five (9%), epithelial inclusion cysts for four (7%), chronic inflammation for four (7%), and oncocytomas for two (4%) of all caruncular masses.
(10) In 20.2% of the cases with carcinoma the tumor cells showed peculiar intracytoplasmic inclusions, whereas in only 0.43% of the biopsies of the mamma without carcinoma such inclusions were to be found.
(11) This inclusion, an aggregate 0.3-0.7 mum in size, consists of small membrane-bounded vesicles with a single dense granule associated with other non-membrane bound small dense droplets.
(12) The inclusion of patients with variable prognoses needs to be taken into account when evaluating the results of new treatment modalities for CML.
(13) Complex treatment with inclusion of thymalin resulted in an increase of the thymic factor, normalization of the lipid metabolism increase of the contractile function of the myocardium and, thus, increases the treatment efficacy.
(14) Lamellar inclusions were selectively found in the large axons.
(15) Electron microscopy of endothelial cells from brain, spinal cord and a number of other tissues of the second sibling showed tubuloreticular inclusions (TRIs).
(16) The inclusions were large, intracytoplasmic, pale, eosinophilic and kidney-shaped and were periodic acid-Schiff positive and HBsAg negative.
(17) The protein variation potentially includes N-terminal differences coded for by transcript-specific 5' exons and internal differences arising from the optional inclusion of a 39 base-pair exon and from the alternative use of two 3' splice sites separated by six base-pairs.
(18) Our findings suggest that (a) the inclusion of a liquid meal provides a reproducible method of measuring orocaecal transit using the lactulose hydrogen breath test, (b) rapid small bowel transit in thyrotoxicosis may be one factor in the diarrhoea which is a feature of the disease and (c) if altered gut transit is the cause of sluggish bowel habit in hypothyroidism, delay in the colon, and not small bowel, is likely to be responsible.
(19) Sperm morphology within the limits set by our inclusion criteria could not predict the outcome of IVF-ET treatment.
(20) Pope Francis’s no-longer-secret meeting in Washington DC with anti-gay activist Kim Davis, the controversial Kentucky county clerk who was briefly jailed over her refusal to issue same-sex marriage licenses in compliance with state law, leaves LGBT people with no illusions about the Pope’s stance on equal rights for us, despite his call for inclusiveness.