What's the difference between claustrum and hemisphere?
Claustrum
Definition:
(n.) A thin lamina of gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere of the brain of man.
Example Sentences:
(1) However, since the thalamic projection terminates in a claustral region not known to project to visual cortex, it is uncertain what function such projections have within the claustrum.
(2) The positivity of amyloid deposits in AD was 100% in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, caudate nucleus, claustrum, hypothalamus, nucleus basalis of Meynert, and cerebellar cortex.
(3) Injections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the prefrontal, motor, somatosensory, auditory and visual areas, and HRP or WGA-HRP injections in the thalamus showed that: (1) the claustroneocortical projections originate in the dorsal claustrum and are distributed to the entire neocortex; these projections are mainly ipsilateral but some also originate contralaterally; (2) the claustroneocortical projections show a rough topographic organization; there exists a substantial degree of overlap; and (3) the claustrothalamic projection, arising throughout the dorsal claustrum, is strictly ipsilateral.
(4) However, the results clearly demonstrate a dorsoventral topographical organization in the connections between the claustrum and the cortex.
(5) Developmental plasticity of callosal connections has been demonstrated for striate cortex, but now it has also been demonstrated for the claustrum.
(6) Areas almost exclusively containing 5-HT1B or 5-HT1D sites, such as the ventral pallidum, globus pallidus and substantia nigra, expressed markedly more [3H]5-HT binding in rat as compared to guinea pig, while the opposite occurred in claustrum, dorsal endopiriform nucleus, lateral geniculate nucleus, and superficial grey layer of the superior colliculus.
(7) In all patients with lesions of the claustrum there was absence of SEP contralateral to the side of the lesion and ipsilateral to the stimulated nerve.
(8) Projections arise also in the lateral rostral and caudal parts of the reticular thalamic nucleus, the zona incerta, the lateral and dorsal hypothalamic area, the claustrum, and the entopeduncular nucleus.
(9) The claustrum of the cat was studied to determine the extent of its projection to the cerebral cortex.
(10) These connections are organized such that the area of origin of claustral efferents to a certain cortical region coincides with the area of termination in the claustrum of afferents from that same cortical region.
(11) The significance of these findings is discussed in the light of a possible function of the claustrum in relation to corticocortical integration and memory processing.
(12) Within area 7p, anterior-posterior regional differentiation is present, as indicated by the spatial ordering of projections from cingulate and frontal cortex, the thalamus, and the claustrum.
(13) Electrophysiological studies of the claustrum of rat demonstrate functional connections with the limbic system (dentate gyrus, hippocampus) via the entorhinal cortex.
(14) Terminal labelling could be detected by autoradiography in the dorsocaudal part of the ipsilateral claustrum in all cases.
(15) Finally, the localization of BDNF expression in cortical areas and in claustrum suggests that the target neurons for this factor extend beyond the sensory ganglion and retinal ganglion cells.
(16) In the basal telencephalon NPY-immunoreactive cells abound mostly in striatum, but some are also found in the amygdala (particularly basal, central, and lateral amygdaloid nuclei), the claustrum, and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
(17) In addition to this behavioral effect, conditioned subjects exhibited a significant increase in Fos expression within the cingulate cortex, claustrum, lateral septal nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, lateral habenula, and the amygdala, suggesting increased neuronal activity within these regions.
(18) The blood vessels of the insular cortex and the claustrum were studied in 26 foetal brains of 16--25-week-old foetuses and one adult brain without noticeable pathological signs.
(19) Injections of tritiated amino acid (3H-leucine) were placed in the medial septum, the dorsal and ventral claustrum, the basolateral and basomedial amygdaloid nuclei, and the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus.
(20) Injections of tritiated amino acid into the pretectothalamic border area of cats resulted in the appearance of numerous silver grains in the ipsilateral claustrum.
Hemisphere
Definition:
(n.) A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center.
(n.) Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map or picture.
(n.) The people who inhabit a hemisphere.
Example Sentences:
(1) Our findings indicate that Turner girls have a functional brain disorder more often than the controls, particularly at the occipital and parietal areas and in those with hemispheric differences most often in the right hemisphere.
(2) After 2 weeks the rats were sacrificed and the brain damage evaluated by comparing the weight of the lesioned and unlesioned hemispheres.
(3) For SP and NKA the decrease was apparent in all brain regions and both in the right and left hemispheres.
(4) Right hemisphere inactivation caused a decrease in the frequency of lateral hypothalamus self-stimulation, whereas with left hemisphere inactivation it increased, which testifies to right hemisphere dominance in self-stimulation reaction.
(5) Computer-aided axial tomography revealed progressive development of atrophy of the left hemisphere and compensatory dilatation of the ventricles.
(6) Reduced uptake was observed in the left cerebral hemisphere (-13.9%) contralateral to the cerebellar infarction with the most marked reduction in the left premotor region (-21%).
(7) Subsequently, due to the rotation of the original polar axis in one hemisphere, the third cleavage plane through one half of the egg is transverse to the third cleavage plane through the other half.
(8) Dissociated cerebral hemisphere cells from 4- to 7-day-old chick embryos were cultured either on a collagen or a polylysine substrate in a serum-containing medium.
(9) Thirty-three emotional reactions occurred in 26 patients, 44% of the reactions following right hemisphere injection and 32% after injection of the left hemisphere.
(10) The buccal glands of adults of the Southern Hemisphere lamprey Geotria australis consist of a pair of small, bean-shaped, hollow sacs, embedded within the basilaris muscle in the region below the eyes and to either side of the piston cartilage.
(11) Blood flows to contralateral cerebral hemispheric structures were relatively unchanged from prehypoxic values, whereas flows to the brainstem and cerebellum nearly doubled and tripled, respectively.
(12) The Xenopus Vg1 gene encodes a maternal mRNA that is localized to the vegetal hemisphere of both oocytes and embryos and encodes a protein related to the TGF-beta family of small secreted growth factors.
(13) Nucleotide substitutions in the viral-encoded proteinase 3C (3Cpro) region (549 nucleotides) of the RNA genome of a coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v), one of the agents causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), were studied using 32 isolates collected from the Eastern hemisphere in 1970-1989.
(14) Study of the clinical characteristics of depressive state by hemisphere stroke with the use of symptom items of Zung scale and Hamilton scale showed that patients in depressive state with right hemisphere stroke had high values in symptom items considered close to the essence of endogenous depression such as depressed mood, suicide, diurnal variation, loss of weight, and paranoid symptoms, while patients in depressive state with left hemisphere stroke had high values in symptom items having a nuance of so-called neurotic depression such as psychic anxiety, hypochondriasis, and fatigue.
(15) CT scan showed diffuse hypodensities in the left hemisphere.
(16) Therefore, rehabilitation specialists should treat patients who had brain strokes, taking into consideration the localization of the lesion focus and promote the use of techniques directed toward a correction of specific right hemispheric defects.
(17) The loss of summer sea ice has led to unusual warming of the Arctic atmosphere, that in turn impacts weather patterns in the northern hemisphere , that can result in persistent extreme weather such as droughts, heatwaves and flooding," she said.
(18) In retrospective review of survivors of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, eight patients with varying degrees of right hemispheric brain injury were identified.
(19) Mean hemispheric CBF (mCBF) was measured in each patient by Xe-133 inhalation method before and after 7 days of captopril administration.
(20) The interposed nuclei projected mainly to the paravermis-medial hemispheric zone of the cerebellar cortex.