What's the difference between claustrum and lamina?
Claustrum
Definition:
(n.) A thin lamina of gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere of the brain of man.
Example Sentences:
(1) However, since the thalamic projection terminates in a claustral region not known to project to visual cortex, it is uncertain what function such projections have within the claustrum.
(2) The positivity of amyloid deposits in AD was 100% in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, caudate nucleus, claustrum, hypothalamus, nucleus basalis of Meynert, and cerebellar cortex.
(3) Injections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the prefrontal, motor, somatosensory, auditory and visual areas, and HRP or WGA-HRP injections in the thalamus showed that: (1) the claustroneocortical projections originate in the dorsal claustrum and are distributed to the entire neocortex; these projections are mainly ipsilateral but some also originate contralaterally; (2) the claustroneocortical projections show a rough topographic organization; there exists a substantial degree of overlap; and (3) the claustrothalamic projection, arising throughout the dorsal claustrum, is strictly ipsilateral.
(4) However, the results clearly demonstrate a dorsoventral topographical organization in the connections between the claustrum and the cortex.
(5) Developmental plasticity of callosal connections has been demonstrated for striate cortex, but now it has also been demonstrated for the claustrum.
(6) Areas almost exclusively containing 5-HT1B or 5-HT1D sites, such as the ventral pallidum, globus pallidus and substantia nigra, expressed markedly more [3H]5-HT binding in rat as compared to guinea pig, while the opposite occurred in claustrum, dorsal endopiriform nucleus, lateral geniculate nucleus, and superficial grey layer of the superior colliculus.
(7) In all patients with lesions of the claustrum there was absence of SEP contralateral to the side of the lesion and ipsilateral to the stimulated nerve.
(8) Projections arise also in the lateral rostral and caudal parts of the reticular thalamic nucleus, the zona incerta, the lateral and dorsal hypothalamic area, the claustrum, and the entopeduncular nucleus.
(9) The claustrum of the cat was studied to determine the extent of its projection to the cerebral cortex.
(10) These connections are organized such that the area of origin of claustral efferents to a certain cortical region coincides with the area of termination in the claustrum of afferents from that same cortical region.
(11) The significance of these findings is discussed in the light of a possible function of the claustrum in relation to corticocortical integration and memory processing.
(12) Within area 7p, anterior-posterior regional differentiation is present, as indicated by the spatial ordering of projections from cingulate and frontal cortex, the thalamus, and the claustrum.
(13) Electrophysiological studies of the claustrum of rat demonstrate functional connections with the limbic system (dentate gyrus, hippocampus) via the entorhinal cortex.
(14) Terminal labelling could be detected by autoradiography in the dorsocaudal part of the ipsilateral claustrum in all cases.
(15) Finally, the localization of BDNF expression in cortical areas and in claustrum suggests that the target neurons for this factor extend beyond the sensory ganglion and retinal ganglion cells.
(16) In the basal telencephalon NPY-immunoreactive cells abound mostly in striatum, but some are also found in the amygdala (particularly basal, central, and lateral amygdaloid nuclei), the claustrum, and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
(17) In addition to this behavioral effect, conditioned subjects exhibited a significant increase in Fos expression within the cingulate cortex, claustrum, lateral septal nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, lateral habenula, and the amygdala, suggesting increased neuronal activity within these regions.
(18) The blood vessels of the insular cortex and the claustrum were studied in 26 foetal brains of 16--25-week-old foetuses and one adult brain without noticeable pathological signs.
(19) Injections of tritiated amino acid (3H-leucine) were placed in the medial septum, the dorsal and ventral claustrum, the basolateral and basomedial amygdaloid nuclei, and the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus.
(20) Injections of tritiated amino acid into the pretectothalamic border area of cats resulted in the appearance of numerous silver grains in the ipsilateral claustrum.
Lamina
Definition:
(n.) A thin plate or scale; a layer or coat lying over another; -- said of thin plates or platelike substances, as of bone or minerals.
(n.) The blade of a leaf; the broad, expanded portion of a petal or sepal of a flower.
(n.) A thin plate or scale; specif., one of the thin, flat processes composing the vane of a feather.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vc), the collaterals of one half of the periodontium afferent fibers terminated mainly in lamina V at the rostral and middle levels of Vc.
(2) It appears that the effects of monocular lid suture upon MIN are in most respects similar to the effects of monocular lid suture previously reported for the A laminae.
(3) In contrast to this, adrenalectomy decreased ANP levels markedly in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis and preoptic periventricular nucleus, which are reportedly involved in the central regulation of salt and water homeostasis.
(4) Light microscopy of both apneics and snorers revealed mucous gland hypertrophy with ductal dilation and focal squamous metaplasia, disruption of muscle bundles by infiltrating mucous glands, focal atrophy of muscle fibers, and extensive edema of the lamina propria with vascular dilation.
(5) The surface phenotypes of bovine intestinal leukocytes isolated from the intraepithelium (IEL), lamina propria (LPL) and Peyer's patches (PPL) of the small intestinal mucosa of normal adult cows were determined using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific to adult bovine peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL).
(6) Glycogen, lipid, basal lamina, and canaliculi were present in all cases.
(7) A complete review of the literature was made which shows that most chondrosarcomas occur in middle-aged males originating most often from the posterior cricoid lamina, next from the thyroid cartilage.
(8) Based on their localisation and histology these are classified into three types (Epstein's pearls, Bohn's nodules, Dental lamina cysts).
(9) These laminae included the dentate hilus and strata oriens, pyramidale and lacunosum-moleculare of CA1.
(10) This method has also been successfully used in humans and rabbits to demonstrate specific antibody production by single lamina propria plasma cells.
(11) CD8 positive cells were detected randomly in all regions of the mucosa, whereas CD4 positive cells tended to be clustered in the superficial portion of the lamina propria.
(12) Of particular interest was the presence of dense-core vesicles in some of the glial cells, and that of a basal lamina underlying the perivascular glial cells.
(13) The total height of the lamina mucosa decreased from 700 to 275 microns.
(14) Injections with extensive spread of horseradish peroxidase show that many cells of lamina 4B and the large pyramidal neurons of upper lamina 6 also project extrinsically but their terminal sites have not been identified.
(15) At surgery, upon incision of the paravertebral muscle fascia, viscous pale fluid was encountered emanating from a foramen in the thoracic lamina.
(16) The sucker, covered with basal lamina, has a constant volume; its layer of muscles resists deformation and supports the stability of the arch.
(17) The development of the first molar was examined from the dental lamina stage through apposition.
(18) In both of these groups, the inoculated bacteria were recovered from the colon, and T hyodysenteriae was demonstrated in the colonic crypts, epithelium, and lamina propria.
(19) Although there was an increased concentration of angiotensin II binding sites in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, the median preoptic nucleus, and the paraventricular nucleus after dehydration, these changes did not reach statistical significance.
(20) FG or WGA-HRP labeled neurons were found mainly in laminae V and VII, in the lateral group of lamina IX, in Clarke's column (CC) and in the dorsal funiculus.