What's the difference between cleavage and split?

Cleavage


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of cleaving or splitting.
  • (n.) The quality possessed by many crystallized substances of splitting readily in one or more definite directions, in which the cohesive attraction is a minimum, affording more or less smooth surfaces; the direction of the dividing plane; a fragment obtained by cleaving, as of a diamond. See Parting.
  • (n.) Division into laminae, like slate, with the lamination not necessarily parallel to the plane of deposition; -- usually produced by pressure.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) It is possible that the high level of radiolabeled phospholipid found in the plasma membrane arose via the de novo pathway following the cleavage of an acyl group as we have found cytidine diphosphocholine phosphotransferase in the plasma membrane fraction (Wang, P., DeChatelet, L.R., and Waite, M. (1977) Biochim.
  • (2) Release of nsP4 from P1234 appears to be independent of the other cleavages and occurs primarily immediately after translation.
  • (3) A broad specificity of LipDH was observed for the glycine cleavage system.
  • (4) It is the action of this protease that releases the enzyme from the membrane, as shown by the observations that protease inhibitors decreased the amount of solubilization of the enzyme, and the enzyme remaining in the membrane after heating showed much less proteolytic cleavage than that which was released.
  • (5) One of the proteases obtained was found to catalyse cleavage on the COOH-side of peptide sequences containing consecutive hydrophobic and basic residues.
  • (6) The results show that in both viral DNAs cleavage occurs at the origin and at one additional site which shows striking sequence homology with the origin region.
  • (7) These results would suggest that N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal proteolytic cleavage are important post-translational modifications of the forms of Amia beta-endorphin.
  • (8) We speculate that this cleavage event is catalyzed by either a cryptic potyviral proteinase that requires a host factor or subcellular environment for activation, or possibly a host proteinase.
  • (9) The relative cleavage frequency at the first glycosidic bond counting from the nonreducing end of the substrate increases with increasing substrate concentration.
  • (10) An analysis of the triple helical stabilities of these cleavage site regions as reflected by their imino acid contents fails to yield a correlation between reactivity and triple helical stability.
  • (11) We found that the closer location of Mg2+ to the beta-phosphoryl group than to the alpha- or gamma-phosphoryl group was effective in weakening the P-O bond at which the cleavage of ATP catalyzed by most enzymes takes place.
  • (12) Subsequently, due to the rotation of the original polar axis in one hemisphere, the third cleavage plane through one half of the egg is transverse to the third cleavage plane through the other half.
  • (13) It is concluded that in this cell type (i) somatostatin-14 is exclusively generated by dibasic cleavage at the Arg-2-Lys-1 site of the intact precursor with concomitant production of prosomatostatin[1-76], and (ii) no direct interactions between the monobasic and dibasic processing domains occur.
  • (14) The amount of cleavage products depends on the excess of H2O2 used.
  • (15) To determine which enzymes are responsible for the processing cleavages of ribosomal RNA transcripts in Escherichia coli, we constructed a mutant strain lacking RNAase III and containing a thermolabile RNAase P. At the nonpermissive temperature, this strain accumulates a novel "19S" RNA species which contains 17S precursor rRNA sequences covalently linked to tRNA sequences transcribed from the ribosomal RNA spacer region between the 16S and the 23S rRNA cistrons.
  • (16) The cleavage of beta-cyclodextrine by sodium periodate at the seven 2-3 diols of the glucose unit gives rise to the polyaldehyde 1, used to modify alpha-amylase.
  • (17) The possibility that mammalian DNA topoisomerase II is an intracellular target which mediates drug-induced DNA breaks is supported by the following studies using 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methane-sulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA): (a) a single m-AMSA-dependent DNA cleavage activity copurified with calf thymus DNA topoisomerase II activity at all chromatographic steps of the enzyme purification; (b) m-AMSA-induced DNA cleavage by this purified activity resulted in the covalent attachment of protein to the 5'-ends of the DNA via a tyrosyl phosphate bond.
  • (18) This single substitution was sufficient to abolish all detectable cleavage of the gp160 envelope precursor polypeptide as well as virus infectivity.
  • (19) Certain RNA molecules can mediate their own cleavage or splicing or act as enzymes to promote reactions on substrate RNA molecules.
  • (20) The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus consists of two subunits, designated gp120 and gp41, derived from the cleavage of a precursor polypeptide gp160.

Split


Definition:

  • (imp. & p. p.) of Split
  • (v. t.) To divide lengthwise; to separate from end to end, esp. by force; to divide in the direction of the grain layers; to rive; to cleave; as, to split a piece of timber or a board; to split a gem; to split a sheepskin.
  • (v. t.) To burst; to rupture; to rend; to tear asunder.
  • (v. t.) To divide or break up into parts or divisions, as by discord; to separate into parts or parties, as a political party; to disunite.
  • (v. t.) To divide or separate into components; -- often used with up; as, to split up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid.
  • (v. i.) To part asunder; to be rent; to burst; as, vessels split by the freezing of water in them.
  • (v. i.) To be broken; to be dashed to pieces.
  • (v. i.) To separate into parties or factions.
  • (v. i.) To burst with laughter.
  • (v. i.) To divulge a secret; to betray confidence; to peach.
  • (v. i.) to divide one hand of blackjack into two hands, allowed when the first two cards dealt to a player have the same value.
  • (n.) A crack, or longitudinal fissure.
  • (n.) A breach or separation, as in a political party; a division.
  • (n.) A piece that is split off, or made thin, by splitting; a splinter; a fragment.
  • (n.) Specif (Leather Manuf.), one of the sections of a skin made by dividing it into two or more thicknesses.
  • (n.) A division of a stake happening when two cards of the kind on which the stake is laid are dealt in the same turn.
  • (n.) the substitution of more than one share of a corporation's stock for one share. The market price of the stock usually drops in proportion to the increase in outstanding shares of stock. The split may be in any ratio, as a two-for-one split; a three-for-two split.
  • (n.) the division by a player of one hand of blackjack into two hands, allowed when the first two cards dealt to a player have the same value; the player is usually obliged to increase the amount wagered by placing a sum equal to the original bet on the new hand thus created.
  • (a.) Divided; cleft.
  • (a.) Divided deeply; cleft.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The 1-0-methylalduronic-acidmethylesters, obtained by the methanolysis of the polysaccharides, are reduced with boronhydrid to the corresponding methyl glycosides; there are split with acid to the aldoses, which are converted in pyridine with hydroxylamine to the aldoximes and than with acetic anhydride to the aldonitrilacetates, which can be separated by gaschromatography without difficulty.
  • (2) Bohler's angle may be reconstituted with apparent reduction of the posterior facet when projected laterally; however, Broden's and axial views show persistent widening and split of the posterior facet.
  • (3) Enzyme preparations catalyzed hydrolysis of a variety of gamma-glutamyl peptides but did not split non-gamma-glutamyl peptides or the transpeptidase substrate gamma-glutamyl-rho-nitroanilide.
  • (4) A 26-year-old man with 40% full-thickness burns was treated by excision and split-skin grafting on the 7th post-burn day.
  • (5) Four separate features could be distinguished in Fe-DNAase-1 digestions of human lymphoblast nuclei: a di-nucleosomal (2N) repeat, a mono-nucleosomal (1N) repeat, a component of "random" DNA, and triple splitting of major peaks.
  • (6) The data indicate that the locus for the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor is split by the chromosomal breakpoint between the V alpha and the C alpha gene segments, and that the V alpha segments are proximal to the C alpha segment within chromosome band 14q11.2.
  • (7) A major part of the iron is in a form which shows magnetically split spectra at low temperatures.
  • (8) In all three species, splitting of the total dose into 3 or more fractional doses given within 1 day approximately doubles the efficacy over that achieved after a single oral administration of the same total dose.
  • (9) Prince was named after his father's own stage persona, and when his parents split up he became determined to better his dad on piano.
  • (10) The £77m, split between Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, Newcastle, Bristol, Cambridge, Oxford and Norwich, will help improve existing cycle networks and pay for new ones, creating segregated routes in some areas.
  • (11) The curiously double nature of the virgin in this tale, her purity versus her duplicity, seems unquestionably related to the infantile split mother, as elucidated by Klein--a connection explored in an earlier paper.
  • (12) The enzyme acts on the oxidized B chain of insulin as an aminoendopeptidase: it splits off the N-terminal phenylalanine and the centrally located bond(s).
  • (13) The cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) was split into two bundles.
  • (14) The findings paralleled those of Study 1, including a split among subjects in their evaluations of the nonprototypical issues.
  • (15) From ducks A. laidlawii, M. anatis and various unclassified strains were isolated, among these M. anatis and unclassified arginine splitting mycoplasma strains proved to be pathogenic.
  • (16) Cyclobutadipyrimidines (pyrimidine dimers) undergo splitting that is photosensitized by indole derivatives.
  • (17) When the reactor is running, high-speed particles called neutrons strike the uranium atoms and cause them to split in a process known as nuclear fission.
  • (18) The decision to split up News Corp followed the News of the World phone-hacking scandal, which focused the attention of investors on the company's newspaper assets, which are far less profitable than its film and TV businesses.
  • (19) In the Punjab, the eastern province, the movement has been able to forge ad hoc links with fragmented sectarian groups or freelance operators who have split away from bigger, more established organisations that are under close watch by intelligence agencies, the officials said.
  • (20) The sniping followed an article by Cameron in the Sunday Times , in which he called on the coalition to provide a "strong, decisive and united government" in the wake of acrimonious splits over Lords reform, warning that the public will not stand for "division and navel-gazing" at a time of social and economic insecurity.