(n.) The common chamber into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge in birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes.
Example Sentences:
(1) A beta-lactamase has been purified from a strain of Enterobacter cloacae.
(2) We concluded that abdominal irradiation caused the invasion of E. cloacae from the mucous membrane of the intestine and inhibited formation of lung metastases.
(3) Decreased uptake of 51CrO4(2-) in E. cloacae strain HO1 was observed under aerobic conditions, when compared with a standard laboratory E. cloacae strain (IAM 1624).
(4) Spontaneous Ro 23-6240-resistant mutants were only isolated from Enterobacter cloacae with a frequency similar to that of ciprofloxacin (4.8 X 10(-8) and 2.4 X 10(-8), respectively).
(5) Against gram-negative bacteria, especially, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii, it was also more active than the other antibiotics tested, but against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was less active than ceftazidime.
(6) In an investigation of the influence of the ampD gene on beta-lactamase production and induction in Enterobacter cloacae, the ampR-ampC gene region cloned into a plasmid and the ampD gene cloned into another vector were transferred to a strain of Escherichia coli.
(7) Reactive fibres contributed to subepithelial plexuses in the esophagus, colon, rectum and cloaca.
(8) Synergy of CGP 31608 and gentamicin was found against 90% P. aeruginosa, 60% Enterobacter cloacae, and 50% Serratia marcescens strains.
(9) Skin infection (Staphylococcus aureus, 2 cases), total parenteral nutrition mixture contamination (Enterobacter cloacae, 2 cases), and hematogenous seeding of the catheter tip (Yersinia enterocolitica, 1 case, and Streptococcus faecalis, 1 case) accounted for the remaining six septic episodes.
(10) One Klebsiella pneumoniae and two Enterobacter cloacae strains were selected for studies on their mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics.
(11) Staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cephalosporinase-overproducing strains of Enterobacter cloacae were resistant to cefetamet.
(12) Forty-eight cases were due to Enterobacter cloacae and five were due to Ent.
(13) Enterobacter cloacae NUH10 was isolated at Nagasaki University Hospital in 1987.
(14) Some strains of beta-galactosidase-positive Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae were also positive by the enzyme capture assay, indicating that the antibodies were not entirely specific for E. coli beta-galactosidase; however, five other gas-positive non-E. coli isolates were negative by the enzyme capture assay.
(15) In other settings, concern over the resistance of organisms, such as Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, will result in the use of aminoglycosides with these relatively beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins.
(16) MICs of temocillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ampicillin were determined for mutant series of Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii and Serratia marcescens with inducible, stably derepressed or basal expression of chromosomal Class I beta-lactamases.
(17) However, sodium sulfite in TLYS and m-T7S did not significantly improve the detection of chlorine-treated E. cloacae, and m-Endo was the least effective medium for recovering chlorinated bacteria.
(19) Between mid-1970 and April 1, 1971, Enterobacter cloacae or E. agglomerans septicemia developed in 378 patients in 25 American hospitals while they were receiving intravenous products manufactured by one company.
(20) The enzyme isolated from Enterobacter cloacae was found to be the most susceptible.
Mammal
Definition:
(n.) One of the Mammalia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The high amino acid levels in the cells suggest that these cells act as inter-organ transporters and reservoirs of amino acids, they have a different role in their handling and metabolism from those of mammals.
(2) Ernst Reissner studied the formation of the inner ear initially using the embryos of fowls, then the embryos of mammals, mainly cows and pigs, and to a less extent the embryos of man.
(3) The binaural characteristics of cells in MSO were different from those in nonecholocating mammals.
(4) The findings support our earlier suggestion that the kinetics of spermatogenesis in the quail are fundamentally similar to the pattern which has been described for mammals.
(5) So far, attempts to produce linolenic acid deficiency in mammals have not revealed an absolute requirement for n-3 fatty acids.
(6) Somewhat surprisingly then, in view of the mechanisms in mammals, birds do not seem to use this seasonal message in the photoperiodic control of reproduction.
(7) This indicates a functional relationship between material supplied via the rapid phase of axonal transport and an unimpaired transsynaptic signal transmission, previously not revealed in the central nervous system of mammals.
(8) Nucleus z in the rat was found to be similar in location to nucleus z in other mammals.
(9) Phyla as diverse as insects, birds, and mammals possess distinct HRAS and KRAS sequences, suggesting that these genes are essential to metazoa.
(10) The presence in lamprey kidney of a loop which is similar to Henle's loop in mammals and birds indicates that the development of the system of osmotic concentration conditioned by the formation in the kidney of the medulla and from a sharp increase in renal arterial blood supply.
(11) Investigations carried out in Pavlodar Province have shown that 7 species of ixodid ticks, Ixodes crenulatus, I. lividus, I. persulcatus, I. laguri laguri, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, and one brought species, Hyalomma asiaticum, parasitize domestic animals and wild mammals.
(12) Ecologic studies of small mammals in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were conducted in 1974 in order to identify the specific habitats within the Lower Montane Forest that support Colorado tick fever (CTF) virus.
(13) Dictated by underlying physicochemical constraints, deceived at times by the lulling tones of the siren entropy, and constantly vulnerable to the vagaries of other more pervasive forms of biological networking and information transfer encoded in the genes of virus and invading microorganisms, protein biorecognition in higher life forms, and particularly in mammals, represents the finely tuned molecular avenues for the genome to transfer its information to the next generation.
(14) It encodes a homeobox gene closely related to the developmentally regulated homeotic genes of flies and mammals.
(15) Based on the fact that all hibernators, at their regulated minimal body temperature, display a uniform turnover rate, related to body weight, the hypothesis is developed that cold tolerance of mammals is generally limited by a common specific minimal metabolic rate, which larger organisms, because of their lower basal metabolism, already attain in less profound hypothermia.
(16) Based on morphological, virological, biochemical and molecular biological data, it is proposed that the presence of endogenous retrovirus particles in the placental cytotrophoblasts of many mammals is indicative of some beneficial action provided by the virus in relation to cell fusion, syncytiotrophoblast formation and the creation of the placenta.
(17) Thus, the possibility exists that androgen secretion in some chelonian systems may exhibit a high degree of LH specificity like that of mammals and birds.
(18) Chlorinated ethylenes are metabolized in mammals, as a first step, to epoxides.
(19) This agrees with previous ultrastructural observations that, in small mammals, neither basement membranes nor large connective tissue spaces are found inside enteric ganglia.
(20) In recent studies, we have found that Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc residues are abundant on red cells and nucleated cells of nonprimate mammals, prosimians, and New World monkeys, but their expression is diminished in Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.