(n. pl.) A comprehensive group equivalent to the true Coelenterata, i. e., exclusive of the sponges. They are so named from presence of stinging cells (cnidae) in the tissues. See Coelenterata.
Example Sentences:
(1) Hydrozoans such as Hydra vulgaris, as with all classes of Cnidaria, are characterized by having their body wall organized as an epithelial bilayer with an intervening acellular layer termed the mesoglea.
(2) The microsporidia are a group of unusual, obligately parasitic protists that infect a great variety of other eukaryotes, including vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, annelids, nematodes, cnidaria and even various ciliates, myxosporidia and gregarines.
(3) The nervous systems of the scyphomedusae Chrysaora hysoscella, Cyanea capillata and Cyanea lamarckii (Phylum Cnidaria) were stained using an anti-serum against the anthozoan neuropeptide Antho-RFamide.
(4) Gastrulation in Cnidaria may resemble the primitive condition but there is nevertheless considerable diversity.
(5) These data are inconsistent with the phylogenetic position which has been assigned to the Cnidaria by partial 18S rRNA sequence comparison.
(6) Prostaglandin A2 and its ester derivatives comprise as much as 8% of the wet tissue weight of some octocoral species such as Plexaura homomalla (phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, subclass Octocorallia).
(7) The presence of such a gene in the evolutionarily ancient phylum Cnidaria suggests that protein-tyrosine kinase genes arose concomitantly with or shortly after the appearance of multicellular organisms.
(8) Hydranths of the colonial marine hydroid Campanularia flexuosa (phylum Cnidaria, class Hydrozoa, order Calyptoblastea) have a mean life span of approximately 7 days in intact colonies in culture.
(9) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) contains two main toxic proteins.
(10) The application of molecular techniques to cnidarians can provide important insights into developmental processes and phylogenetic relationships both within the phylum Cnidaria and among the eumetazoa.
(11) The collagen of a primitive invertebrate, the sea-pen Veretillum Cnidaria, Octocorallia), was studied with respect to its molecular-chain composition.
(12) The Caribbean sea whip Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae (Octocorallia, Cnidaria) has been found to contain the pseudopterosins, a newly described class of natural products, which have been characterized as diterpene-pentoseglycosides.
(13) In fact, the response spectrum is not consistent within the Cnidaria.
(14) Polyp and medusa of the scyphozoans Aurelia aurita and Pelagia colorata (phylum Cnidaria) are indistinguishable by radioimmunoassay of whole animals, yet differ from other cnidarians against which they were tested.
(15) The commonest intracellular organelle characteristic of the Phylum Cnidaria or Coelenterata (Subclass Zoantharia) is the spirocyst.
(16) Isolated nematocysts (capsules of stinging cells in Cnidaria) from the freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris [Weber, J., Klug, M. & Tardent, P. (1987) Comp.
(17) It was previously shown that a toxic protein present in an extract prepared from nematocysts of Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria) is highly hemolytic and induces spasms in test animals (Klug et al., 1989, Toxicon 27, 325).
(18) The fine structure of spermatids has been examined in Calliactis, Protanthea, Gonactinia and Parazoanthus (Cnidaria, Anthozoa).
(19) During environmental anaerobiosis Cnidaria, Mollusca, Annelida and Sipunculida first couple additional pathways for energy extraction to the glycolytic pathway (the aspartate--succinate pathway) and later deviate the main carbon flow of glycogen at the level of phosphoenolpyruvate towards succinate, propionate and acetate production.
(20) Swimming behaviour and locomotor adaptations are described in chaetognaths, larvacean tunicates, some cnidaria, and thaliacean tunicates.
Jellyfish
Definition:
(n.) Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. See Medusa.
Example Sentences:
(1) When Matt Slater went swimming with his dog Mango in a Cornish estuary this month, he bumped into a barrel jellyfish.
(2) In-hospital resuscitation from unresponsive circulatory arrest should now involve intravenously-administered verapamil (or its equivalent) and additional box-jellyfish antivenom, while the patient is being monitored.
(3) The ultrastructure and major soluble proteins of the transparent eye lens of two cubomedusan jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora and Carybdea marsupialis, have been examined.
(4) I was sitting in the room, reading all the negativity and death threats, and by now the helium balloons were half-full, hovering like jellyfish.
(5) I know a little about the jellyfishes of Australia because when I worked there for the Guardian, poisonous species such as the box jellyfish would occasionally kill a luckless swimmer off the tropical north coast.
(6) The survey for the UK, which asks people to report jellyfish they see in the sea or on beaches, comes after a mass invasion of thousands of miles of the Mediterranean coastline by millions of jellyfish in June, affecting tourists who head there in the summer.
(7) Both women reported having been stung by jellyfish a month earlier.
(8) These cases corroborate the vascular and neurogenic injury, which previously have been reported in experimental animals and in human patients, that may result from jellyfish venoms.
(9) Contact with the tentacles of the jellyfish had produced characteristic whiplash-like weals on the skin.
(10) Among the newly created MCZs are Mounts Bay, covering St Michael’s Mount and the Marazion where seagrass, stalked jellyfish and crayfish live, and Greater Haig Fras, the only substantial area of rocky reef in the Celtic Sea.
(11) The few skin reactions obtained confirm the low dermototoxicity of the jellyfish studied.
(12) Jellyfish stings should be recognised as an unusual variant of the numerous causes which have been described for Mondor's disease.
(13) From intrepid turtles to pioneering jellyfish, a host of animals have made their mark as the unsung heroes of space exploration.
(14) Mechanisms that cause reentry were defined in rings of tissue cut from jellyfish as early as 1906 by Mayer.
(15) Also featured are the puffer fish, dung beetle, veiled chameleon and moon jellyfish.
(16) It's hard not to describe this creature without resorting to multiple similes – it's like a mushroom, an umbrella, a beating heart, an alien lifeform – all of which diminish its glory, as indeed does the word "jellyfish".
(17) This isn’t just about the effect on other species,” said Stefano Piraino, a jellyfish expert at the University of Salento, and one of the 18 signatories.
(18) Jellyfish appear to be on the increase globally, which may be part of a natural cycle or linked to factors caused by humans such as pollution, over-fishing or even climate change, experts said.
(19) Aequorin, a Ca(II)-sensitive bioluminescent protein from jellyfish, emits light at 469 nm from an excited state of a substituted pyrazine (oxyluciferin) which results from the oxidation of a chromophore molecule that is noncovalently bound to the protein.
(20) A new cytolysin has been isolated from the nematocysts of the jellyfish, Rhizostoma pulmo, and named rhizolysin.