(1) Because ctenophore and all other known metazoan mtDNA is circular, the shared occurrence of linear mtDNA in three of the four cnidarian classes suggests a basal position for the Anthozoa within the phylum.
(2) Cloning of three Antennapedia-related sequences from cnidarians provides evidence of ancient roles for homeobox genes early in metazoan evolution.
(3) Cnidocytes, the stinging cells of cnidarians, discharge nematocysts in response to physical contact accompanied by the stimulation of specific chemoreceptors.
(4) It is suggested that they may also be present as predominant components in nematocysts of other cnidarian species and thus might represent a class of compounds which is characteristic for a whole phylum of the animal kingdom.
(5) The principal sources of these agents are bacteria, higher fungi, cnidarians (coelenterates) and the venoms of snakes, insects and other arthropods.
(6) The presence of cholecystokinin (CCK), originally isolated from porcine small intestine, has been reported in a diversity of invertebrates ranging, from cnidarians to protochordates, but so far, not in echinoderms.
(7) Cnidarians arose from a protist ancestry different from the second group, the Bilateria.
(8) In these trees, cnidarians (Radiata) seemed to have evolved independently from the Bilateria, which is in contradiction with the general evolutionary view.
(9) It is present in all cnidarians and can be isolated without enzyme treatment.
(10) The ganglion has been compared to the nervous systems in cnidarians, some spiralians, and especially other hemichordates, echinoderms, and chordates; it is found to be of primitive rather than degenerate nature.
(11) We report the nucleotide sequence of eveC, a cnidarian eve-class homeobox; this is the first homeobox to be identified in any diploblastic organism, and is only the second eve-class in an invertebrate.
(12) We previously characterized annexin XII from the freshwater cnidarian Hydra vulgaris (Schlaepfer, D. D., D. A. Fisher, M. E. Brandt, H. R. Bode, J. Jones, and H. T. Haigler.
(13) This report describes the cloning and sequencing of both cDNA and genomic clones of GFP from the cnidarian, Aequorea victoria.
(14) Eggs from all of the animals considered are covered by complex vitelline envelopes except those of cnidarians.
(15) The application of molecular techniques to cnidarians can provide important insights into developmental processes and phylogenetic relationships both within the phylum Cnidaria and among the eumetazoa.
(16) A new system is described for the study of ECM-tissue interactions, using the ECM (called mesogloea) of various cnidarians and isolated striated muscle and endodermal tissue of jellyfish.
(17) gamma-Glutamyltransferase activity was studied in extracts of the cnidarian Hydra attenuata.
(18) The results show that: polyps under normal conditions have similar regeneration patterns, regardless of individual variability; and ATxII, a neurotoxin of cnidarian origin, produces a statistically significant increase in the Tentacle Regeneration Index.
(19) In the context of earlier observations in cnidarians, these cytological features suggest a sensory as well as a modulatory function for 5-HT in Renilla koellikeri.
(20) Specifically, sperm eggs from cnidarians, echinoderms, decapod crustaceans, ascidians, lampreys, bony fishes, and amphibians are discussed.
Jellyfish
Definition:
(n.) Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. See Medusa.
Example Sentences:
(1) When Matt Slater went swimming with his dog Mango in a Cornish estuary this month, he bumped into a barrel jellyfish.
(2) In-hospital resuscitation from unresponsive circulatory arrest should now involve intravenously-administered verapamil (or its equivalent) and additional box-jellyfish antivenom, while the patient is being monitored.
(3) The ultrastructure and major soluble proteins of the transparent eye lens of two cubomedusan jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora and Carybdea marsupialis, have been examined.
(4) I was sitting in the room, reading all the negativity and death threats, and by now the helium balloons were half-full, hovering like jellyfish.
(5) I know a little about the jellyfishes of Australia because when I worked there for the Guardian, poisonous species such as the box jellyfish would occasionally kill a luckless swimmer off the tropical north coast.
(6) The survey for the UK, which asks people to report jellyfish they see in the sea or on beaches, comes after a mass invasion of thousands of miles of the Mediterranean coastline by millions of jellyfish in June, affecting tourists who head there in the summer.
(7) Both women reported having been stung by jellyfish a month earlier.
(8) These cases corroborate the vascular and neurogenic injury, which previously have been reported in experimental animals and in human patients, that may result from jellyfish venoms.
(9) Contact with the tentacles of the jellyfish had produced characteristic whiplash-like weals on the skin.
(10) Among the newly created MCZs are Mounts Bay, covering St Michael’s Mount and the Marazion where seagrass, stalked jellyfish and crayfish live, and Greater Haig Fras, the only substantial area of rocky reef in the Celtic Sea.
(11) The few skin reactions obtained confirm the low dermototoxicity of the jellyfish studied.
(12) Jellyfish stings should be recognised as an unusual variant of the numerous causes which have been described for Mondor's disease.
(13) From intrepid turtles to pioneering jellyfish, a host of animals have made their mark as the unsung heroes of space exploration.
(14) Mechanisms that cause reentry were defined in rings of tissue cut from jellyfish as early as 1906 by Mayer.
(15) Also featured are the puffer fish, dung beetle, veiled chameleon and moon jellyfish.
(16) It's hard not to describe this creature without resorting to multiple similes – it's like a mushroom, an umbrella, a beating heart, an alien lifeform – all of which diminish its glory, as indeed does the word "jellyfish".
(17) This isn’t just about the effect on other species,” said Stefano Piraino, a jellyfish expert at the University of Salento, and one of the 18 signatories.
(18) Jellyfish appear to be on the increase globally, which may be part of a natural cycle or linked to factors caused by humans such as pollution, over-fishing or even climate change, experts said.
(19) Aequorin, a Ca(II)-sensitive bioluminescent protein from jellyfish, emits light at 469 nm from an excited state of a substituted pyrazine (oxyluciferin) which results from the oxidation of a chromophore molecule that is noncovalently bound to the protein.
(20) A new cytolysin has been isolated from the nematocysts of the jellyfish, Rhizostoma pulmo, and named rhizolysin.