(n.) A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited, fragment from wood or other combustible substance; charcoal.
(n.) A black, or brownish black, solid, combustible substance, dug from beds or veins in the earth to be used for fuel, and consisting, like charcoal, mainly of carbon, but more compact, and often affording, when heated, a large amount of volatile matter.
(v. t.) To burn to charcoal; to char.
(v. t.) To mark or delineate with charcoal.
(v. t.) To supply with coal; as, to coal a steamer.
(v. i.) To take in coal; as, the steamer coaled at Southampton.
Example Sentences:
(1) The biggest single source of air pollution is coal-fired power stations and China, with its large population and heavy reliance on coal power, provides $2.3tn of the annual subsidies.
(2) Photograph: AP Reasons for wavering • State relies on coal-fired electricity • Poor prospects for wind power • Conservative Democrat • Represents conservative district in conservative state and was elected on narrow margins Campaign support from fossil fuel interests in 2008 • $93,743 G K Butterfield (North Carolina) GK Butterfield, North Carolina.
(3) Nick Robins, head of the Climate Change Centre at HSBC, said: "If you think about low-carbon energy only in terms of carbon, then things look tough [in terms of not using coal].
(4) The fact that it is still used is regrettable yet unavoidable at present, but the average quantity is three times less than the mercury released into the atmosphere by burning the extra coal need to power equivalent incandescent bulbs.
(5) According to the International Energy Agency, 147m Indians will remain without electricity into 2030 under a business as usual scenario emphasising coal.
(6) My grandfather was a coal miner and Nana was rather plump and bossy.
(7) Shenhua Watermark Coal, a subsidiary of the Chinese state-owned Shenhua Group, is waiting for final approval from Hunt for a $1.2bn open-cut coalmine on the edge of the plains, a little more than three kilometres from Hamparsum’s property.
(8) Instead the textbook simply reads: "Traditional industries, such as shipbuilding and coal mining, declined ... during her premiership, there were a number of important economic reforms within the UK".
(9) In the US, electricity accounts for 39% of emissions – and 75% of that is contributed by coal.
(10) A survey was conducted in southern Illinois with a population of 46 coal miners and ex-coal miners ranging in age from 42 to 86 years.
(11) Australia’s greatest contribution to global warming is through our coal, exported and burned in foreign power stations.
(12) By its calorific value the mycelial waste is equal to brown coal or peat.
(13) The DECC believes clusters of coal and gas plants with CCS would offer efficiency because they could share the costs of building and operating pipelines to storage facilities, probably in old North Sea oil and gas fields.
(14) Its few remaining mines involve people digging coal out of hillsides.
(15) That stake in eight Indonesian coal mines represents 1GT of future carbon dioxide emissions, more than Germany’s annual output.
(16) This brings lads like 12-year-old Matthew Mason down from the magnificent studio his father Mark, from a coal-mining town ravaged by pit closures, lovingly built him in the back garden at Gants Hill, north-east London.
(17) This in turn meant frantic investment in German coal and lignite – 10 new plants are said to be opening – and a surge in Polish coal output.
(18) "It would be ridiculous to encourage shale gas when in reality its greenhouse gas footprint could be as bad as or worse than coal.
(19) We conclude that there appears to be no benefit from exceeding a concentration of 5% crude coal tar in yellow soft paraffin in the treatment of patients with psoriasis and that the plateau in the dose-response curve for the action of crude coal tar in psoriasis begins at a point between 1 and 5%.
(20) Engie, the owner of Rugeley coal-fired station in Staffordshire, which made the most recent closure announcement earlier this month, blamed low wholesale power prices as much as carbon taxes for its decision .
Peat
Definition:
(n.) A small person; a pet; -- sometimes used contemptuously.
(n.) A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of roots and fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and found, as a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where it is always more or less saturated with water. It is often dried and used for fuel.
Example Sentences:
(1) A hypothesis that the unexpected similarity of infection in the two strains was related to differences in rates of contact with the peat trays was not supported by preliminary data on mouse behaviour that revealed equal frequency of contact with peat trays between strains.
(2) By its calorific value the mycelial waste is equal to brown coal or peat.
(3) From the typed letters on Clarence House notepaper underlined in his own hand, to the clever blend of courteousness and implied threat used in his own correspondence and by his righthand man, Sir Michael Peat, the case has revealed in detail how the prince wields his power.
(4) Also missing from the negotiating text is any provision to protect and restore the world's peat soils, which account for 6% of all global C02 emissions.
(5) Corrected radiocarbon dates directly from bone and from peat matrix gave consistent ages in the range of 7,790 to 8,290 yr before present (BP).
(6) But Heathrow’s new sustainability plan suggests other ways to offset the leap in emissions, including by restoring British peat bogs.
(7) The new compounds phenylethanolaminotetralines (PEAT), unlike the reference beta-adrenoceptor agonists isoprenaline (Iso), ritodrine (Ri) and salbutamol (Sal), produced half-maximal inhibition of spontaneous motility of rat isolated proximal colon at substantially lower concentrations (EC50 2.7-30 nM) than those inducing beta 2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses (relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea and rat uterus) and had virtually no chronotropic action (EC50 greater than 3 x 10(5) M) on the guinea-pig isolated atrium (a beta 1-adrenoceptor-mediated response).
(8) In order to optimize cultivation of lipid synthesizing yeast on peat oxidates, the above compounds should be added in certain concentrations.
(9) In a rather strange piece of royal doublethink, Peat said this would not do, as it "would suggest the personal involvement of the prince".
(10) Others took hold when peat bogs dried for agricultural use self-ignited, burning underground.
(11) It was revealed that the peat extract causes a decrease in the production of the A1 spermatogonia, and as a result a decrease in the intensity of spermatogenesis.
(12) It was observed that radon baths had mainly an analgesic effect, peat or paraffin poultices as well as diadynamics were particularly useful in cases with increased tonus of paravertebral muscles.
(13) Concentrations of gamma-emitting natural radionuclides and 137Cs were analyzed in the size fractionated fly-ash emissions from a 100-MWt peat- and oil-fired power plant.
(14) It would have involved 181 huge turbines each requiring concrete bases 20 ft deep, roads and cables, and would have destroyed a swathe of this rare peat moorland.
(15) However, Peat said the trustees "honestly believe it would not have made any difference given the direction the BBC chose to go".
(16) At that time, Charles’s then private secretary, Sir Michael Peat, said it was his “duty to make sure the views of ordinary people that might not otherwise be heard receive some exposure”.
(17) The respirable fraction of peat dust recorded in the breathing zone of the workers correlated significantly with a decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1).
(18) To study the levels and distributions of radionuclides released in the Chernobyl accident, we sampled surface peat from 62 sites in Southern and Central Finland and measured 131I, 134Cs, 137Cs, 132Te, 140Ba, 103Ru, 90Sr, 141Ce, and 95Zr.
(19) Losing forests in these areas could also affect leaders’ efforts to rein in greenhouse gas emissions to tackle climate change, the study said, because of the amount of carbon stored in trees and peat.
(20) "You can't replace peat with concrete, and ever hope to get away with it.