(n.) A powerful alkaloid, C17H21NO4, obtained from the leaves of coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline substance, and is remarkable for producing local insensibility to pain.
Example Sentences:
(1) Altogether, 29% of the drivers had evidence of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, prescription or nonprescription stimulants, or some combination of these, in either blood or urine.
(2) Mechanisms of drug toxicity, i.e., vascular pathology demonstrated from chronic use of cocaine.
(3) With chronic cocaine use, neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine alterations occur.
(4) In pentobarbital-anesthetized rats or in perfused hind paw of rats, the potentiation induced by cocaine and tripelennamine was more marked to norepinephrine than to epinephrine, but an inverse relation between norepinephrine and epinephrine was observed in the potentiation by I and II.
(5) The disposition of radiolabeled cocaine in humans has been studied after three routes of administration: iv injection, nasal insufflation (ni, snorting), and smoke inhalation (si).
(6) When S+ followed cocaine, stereotyped bar-pressing developed with markedly increased responding during the remainder of the session.
(7) The effects were atropine-resistant and qualitatively similar to those seen with cocaine.
(8) Knowing the risks of transporting cocaine from Africa to the US, and given the slim profit margin, “tell me who will be doing that kind of deal?” Chigbo asked.
(9) Cocaine produces simple hallucinations, PCP can produce complex hallucinations analogous to a paranoid psychosis, while LSD produces a combination of hallucinations, pseudohallucinations and illusions.
(10) Inhibition of DNA synthesis by cocaine in developing brain was not secondary to ischemia, nor to local anesthesia, as alpha-adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine afforded no protection, and lidocaine could not substitute for cocaine.
(11) Cocaine, 3 microM, shifted the noradrenaline concentration response curve to the left about 0.4 log units in all renal vessel groups, thus renal vascular smooth muscle sensitivity to noradrenaline was significantly greater in vessels from rats receiving CyA than in vessels from control rats.
(12) Similarities and differences in the sensitization induced by cocaine and amphetamine (which are though to have different mechanisms of actions although common behavioral outcomes) have not been thoroughly studied.
(13) However, they do indicate that cocaine is only a weak aversion-inducing agent.
(14) Driving-under-the-influence (DUI) offenders with either alcohol- or cocaine-related problems were studied.
(15) The cardiac risk of cocaine body packing was studied by means of continuous ECG monitoring in 13 cocaine body-packers during spontaneous elimination.
(16) We present a 16-year-old with chest pain temporally related to cocaine use and discuss the relationship between cocaine use and acute myocardial infarction that has been seen in the adult population.
(17) Both acute and chronic cocaine treatments significantly increased plasma concentrations of corticosterone and reduced the ratios of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid to dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to serotonin in several brain regions.
(18) Daily cocaine injection into rodents produces a progressive increase in the motor stimulant effect of acute cocaine administration.
(19) The nine cocaine users, when compared with 14 insulin-dependent diabetics on dialysis matched by protocol, were found to be similar in terms of diabetic retinopathy and metabolic neuropathy.
(20) In view of recent reports demonstrating that illicit cocaine use may cause rhabdomyolysis, we reviewed the collective experience of a university-affiliated medical center to identify patients with cocaine-induced rhabdomyolysis.
Stimulant
Definition:
(a.) Serving to stimulate.
(a.) Produced increased vital action in the organism, or in any of its parts.
(n.) That which stimulates, provokes, or excites.
(n.) An agent which produces a temporary increase of vital activity in the organism, or in any of its parts; -- sometimes used without qualification to signify an alcoholic beverage used as a stimulant.
Example Sentences:
(1) Stimulation of human leukocytes with various chemical mediators such as TPA, f-Met-Leu-Phe, LTB4, etc.
(2) The optimal size for stimulation was between 5 degrees and 12 degrees (visual angle).
(3) After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore A23187, culture supernatants of clones c18A and c29A showed cytotoxic activity against human melanoma A375 Met-Mix and other cell lines which were resistant to the tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and interleukin 1.
(4) Apparently, the irradiation with visible light of a low intensity creates an additional proton gradient and thus stimulates a new replication and division cycle in the population of cells whose membranes do not have delta pH necessary for the initiation of these processes.
(5) In conclusion, in S-rats a glucose-stimulated insulin release is accompanied by an increase in IBF, but this is not observed in P-rats.
(6) Stimulation is also observed with mixtures of APC expressing DPw3 and APC expressing A1, and likewise, DPw3+ APC become stimulatory when preincubated with supernatants from A1-positive cells.
(7) We have previously shown that serotonin is present in secretory granules of frog adrenochromaffin cells; concurrently, we have demonstrated that serotonin is a potent stimulator of corticosterone and aldosterone secretion by adrenocortical cells.
(8) Cyclic AMP stimulated phosphorylation by [gamma-32P]ATP of two proteins of apparent Mr = 20,000 and 7,000 that were concentrated in sarcoplasmic reticulum, but the stimulation was markedly dependent on the presence of added soluble cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
(9) We have investigated a physiological role of endogenous insulin on exocrine pancreatic secretion stimulated by a liquid meal as well as exogenous secretin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in conscious rats.
(10) Whether hen's egg yolk can be used as a sperm motility stimulant in the treatment of such conditions as asthenospermia and oligospermia is subjected for further study.
(11) Some of those drugs are able to stimulate the macrophages, even in an aspecific way, via the gut associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), that is in connection with the bronchial associated lymphatic tissue (BALT).
(12) The results also suggest that the dispersed condition of pigment in the melanophores represents the "resting state" of the melanophores when they are under no stimulation.
(13) dl-Methionine stimulated the synthesis of cephalosporins when added after the growth phase.
(14) Bradykinin also stimulated arachidonic acid release in decidual fibroblasts, an effect which was potentiated in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), but which was not accompanied by an increase in PGF2 alpha production.
(15) Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated rat spleen cells were identified as a reliable source of rat burst-promoting activity (PBA), which permitted development of a reproducible assay for rat bone marrow erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E).
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Estimates of potential for gastrointestinal side effects using the rat enteropooling assay and in vivo monkey effects indicate that diarrhea will be substantially reduced with retention of uterine stimulating potency.
(18) Because it has been suggested that the lathyrogen, BAPN, may stimulate the release of proteases, the protease inhibitors Trasylol and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) were given alone or in combination to BAPN-treated rats.
(19) The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the decreased Epi response following ET was due to 1) depletion of adrenal Epi content such that adrenomedullary stimulation would not release Epi, 2) decreased Epi release with direct stimulation, i.e., desensitization of release, or 3) decreased afferent signals generated by ET itself.
(20) Stimulation of atrial H1-receptors is suggested to directly cause an increase in Ca-channel conductance independent of intracellular cAMP content.