(n.) An appendage of the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is elongated and coiled into a spiral in mammals. See Ear.
Example Sentences:
(1) In addition to the aqueduct other associated inner ear anomalies have been identified in 60% of this population including: enlarged vestibule (14); enlarged vestibule and lateral semicircular canal (7); enlarged vestibule and hypoplastic cochlea (4); and hypoplastic cochlea (4).
(2) We tested the hypothesis that furosemide interferes with energy generation in the cochlea, and determined its effect on CO2 formation from glucose and glyceroaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity by examining biochemical and histochemical changes in the cochlea, the kidney, and the liver.
(3) Although sound pressure levels are high, they are probably reduced before reaching the cochlea of the fetus because of the surrounding amniotic fluid and the fluid in the middle ear.
(4) We use this procedure to assess the excitability of the auditory nerve, the patency of the cochlea and to detect undesirable side effects of electrical stimulation, such as facial nerve activation.
(5) After 2-4 days the cochleas were prepared for morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis by X-ray dispersive microanalysis.
(6) Complete atrophy of variable lengths of the terminal basal coil cells was also found in all elderly cochleas.
(7) In a series with sixteen normal adult volunteers, 22 to 45 years in age, 100% of the cochleae, vestibules, and lateral and posterior semicircular canals were clearly demonstrated in T2 weighted images.
(8) In animals receiving passive (unstimulated) implants, morphometric analysis of spiral ganglion cell density showed no significant difference in ganglion cell survival between the implanted cochleas and the contralateral control ears.
(9) Measurements were obtained from fibers innervating hair cells in both the region of the cochlea that contains a tectorial membrane (tectorial fibers) and the region where hair-cell stereocilia are free-standing in scala media (free-standing fibers).
(10) Histologically, no discernible changes in the hair cells or sensory hairs were found with a scanning electron microscope at about 6 hours after 10 krad irradiation, while with a transmission electron microscope, the outer hair cells in the basal coil of the cochlea were found to be mostly destroyed.
(11) A combined morphological and physiological study on the effect of saccus obliteration on the cochlea and the vestibular labyrinth of the rat is presented.
(12) It is suggested that in a programme designed to implant such children at 2 years of age, techniques should be chosen that neither damage the cochlea nor the middle ear sound conducting mechanism.
(13) Blood flow in the cochlea, vestibular apparatus and facial nerve was investigated in the 12 temporal bones of 6 guinea pigs using non-radioactive microspheres.
(14) The total length in mm of each cochlea was also measured (Length).
(15) We have made whole-cell, tight-seal recordings from short (outer) hair cells isolated from the chick's cochlea.
(16) Morphological evidence suggests that the membrane participates in: (a) the release of mechanical energy supplied by the ossicular chain to the labyrinthine fluids; (b) an alternative route for sound energy to enter the cochlea; (c) secretion into and absorption from perilymph; and (d) the defense system of the middle and inner ears.
(17) Human cochleae were fixed in glutaraldehyde, without the use of osmium.
(18) The findings are discussed in relation to changes in nerve conduction speed and hearing loss; a possible correlation between the fiber diameter distribution and the tonotopical arrangement of the cochlea is suggested.
(19) Histological examination of the cochleas of monkeys with permanent hearing losses revealed corresponding damage to the high-frequency region of the organ of Corti.
(20) The endo- and perilymphatic glycocalyx of the cochlear epithelia were investigated ultrastructurally in normal and hydropic cochleas using the electron-dense markers cationized ferritin and colloidal thorium.
Scala
Definition:
(n.) A machine formerly employed for reducing dislocations of the humerus.
(n.) A term applied to any one of the three canals of the cochlea.
Example Sentences:
(1) The lengths and heights of the scalae tympani in ten pairs of serially sectioned temporal bones were measured by an adaptation of the serial section method of cochlear reconstruction.
(2) When normalized with respect to scala cross-section, the process of tracer movement across the spiral ligament is similar in the basal and third turns.
(3) The threshold functions differ from those observed in patients with scala tympani electrodes, primarily at low sinusoidal frequencies and long pulse widths.
(4) Measurements were obtained from fibers innervating hair cells in both the region of the cochlea that contains a tectorial membrane (tectorial fibers) and the region where hair-cell stereocilia are free-standing in scala media (free-standing fibers).
(5) The electrodes can be implanted in bundles through the round window or into the modiolus; they can, however, also be introduced individually through several drill holes in the promontory for placement in the scala tympani and vestibuli.
(6) In this respect, round-window and scala tympani stimulation sites are equally efficacious.
(7) The derived excitation for IHCs located at more apical locations (BFs large in relation to stimulus frequency) corresponds approximately to peak velocity of the basilar membrane toward scala vestibuli.
(8) Only the scala tympani compartment of the basal cochlear turn remained patent.
(9) The results suggest that under physiological conditions the CSF also flows through the cochleae aqueduct and the protein concentration in the Scala tympani decreases especially in the basal winding.
(10) As a small group of Abbado's relatives, including two of his children, looked on, Barenboim, La Scala's current music director, appeared quietly moved as the commemorative performance ended after about 20 minutes to dignified applause from the piazza.
(11) Multielectrode, scala tympani, and modiolar systems were implanted; in some cases, neomycin was perfused into the cochlea to destroy the organ of Corti at the time of implantation.
(12) For simultaneous measurements of pO2, cochlea microphonics (CM) and compound action potentials of the auditory nerve (CAP), we used the thin 0.5 microns microcoaxial needle electrode described by Baumgaertl and Luebbers, which was placed through the roundwindow membrane into the scala tympani to a depth of 1000 microns.
(13) The EP is the positive polarization of the middle compartment of the cochlea (scala media) with respect to the other compartments (the scalae tympani and vestibuli); the stria vascularis is apparently responsible for the EP.
(14) The decrease in K+ activity in the scala media relative to the EP reduction produced by vasopressin was not significantly different from that by perilymphatic perfusion with furosemide.
(15) The endocochlear potential (EP) in the pigeon ear was altered by injecting current into the scala media.
(16) Large capillaries, which ran freely suspended in scala vestibuli, entered the upper portion of the stria.
(17) Several (auditory and non-auditory) units with irregular discharge were excited during a basilar membrane displacement towards scala vestibuli whereas a basilar membrane motion towards scala tympani resulted in a decrease of the discharge rate.
(18) Tetraethylammonium chloride, which is believed to decrease potassium conductance, and tetrodotoxin, which apparently decreases sodium conductance in nerve fibers, were introduced iontophoretically into the organ of Corti or the scala media of guinea pig cochlea.
(19) Endotoxin of E coli was microperfused into scala tympani or injected into the cerebrospinal fluid in anaesthetised pigmented guinea pigs.
(20) However, only recently have we succeeded in developing a sampling technique which is capable of providing amino acid levels in scala tympani which are representative of the in vivo situation under physiological circumstances.