(n.) A preparation made from the seeds of the chocolate tree, and used in making, a beverage; also the beverage made from cocoa or cocoa shells.
Example Sentences:
(1) Sift the cocoa powder over the top and lightly but thoroughly fold it in with the metal spoon.
(2) Plasma cholesterol concentrations in F1b-generation rats were elevated, but cocoa powder did not affect this parameter consistently across multiple generations.
(3) The Norwegian researchers looked at all the sources of caffeine ingested by the pregnant women, including coffee, tea and fizzy drinks, along with cakes and desserts containing cocoa (which has lots of caffeine).
(4) The absorption times of the two drugs from suppositories with cocoa butter and Witepsol H 15 were relatively short.
(5) Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 20% by weight corn, soybean or low erucic acid rapeseed oils or mixtures of the latter two with cocoa butter or triolein for 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks.
(6) Photograph: Mark Anderson “Farmers call me and they tell me that smuggling is happening,” says Emmanuel Arthur, managing director of Kuapa Kokoo , a cocoa farmers’ union.
(7) As the war on sugar debate rages in the UK, Hotel Chocolat has more to offer customers whose tastes are changing, he says, with its “less sugar, more cocoa” approach setting it apart from the cheaper alternatives which tend to use sugar, and not the more costly cocoa, as the filler ingredient.
(8) Rural farmers like Kallon – whose rice, cocoa and cassava fields account for nearly half Sierra Leone's gross domestic production – are among the hardest-hit in the economic fallout of the world's biggest Ebola epidemic.
(9) Makes around 20 75g butter, melted 75g granulated sugar 1 tbsp vanilla sugar 160g oats 2 tbsp cocoa powder 3 tbsp strong coffee, cooled to room temp Desiccated coconut, to finish 1 Whisk the butter and sugar until light and fluffy, then stir in the vanilla sugar, oats, cocoa and coffee.
(10) No differences were observed in cocoa powder for drinks and plain chocolate flakes treated with 0.5 dm2 polystyrene of 1 mm thickness.
(11) The total mean excretion (milligrams per day) of fecal steroids was 709 for cocoa butter (period I), 915 for corn oil, and 629 for the second cocoa butter period.
(12) wheat, cocoa beans, corn, or nuts, with portions of water and ice so the final temperature of the food-water slurry is less than 1 degree C. A 20 g aliquot (4 g food) is then added to a cold headspace vial containing 4 g sodium sulfate.
(13) Hussain’s concerns and desires are of course quintessentially British – as Swiss Miss hot cocoa may be American and good galettes Belgian.
(14) There was a fungal infection that farmers worried could ruin the crop and drive the price of cocoa sky-high, and now west Africa, a major cocoa producer, might not be able to grow it any more within the relatively near future.
(15) Chocolate and other foods 3D-printed food is regularly in the news, with one of the hits of this year's CES show being the ChefJet 3D printer , which uses sugar and cocoa butter rather than plastics to create various sweet treats.
(16) It does feel like British chocolate is making a renaissance after being in the doldrums for a few decades.” As well as its network of shops, Hotel Chocolat owns a cocoa plantation on St Lucia, which is home to a luxury hotel where a two-week stay costs up to £10,000.
(17) The extent to which tea, cocoa and carob (foods rich in polyphenols) influence fecal nitrogen (N) excretion was investigated in rats.
(18) High responses to insulin in the epididymal fat cells were obtained with sunflowerseed oil, linseed oil and olive oil, whereas low responses were found for cocoa butter, palm oil or coconut oil.
(19) Supplementing NB with tryptone or casein reduced the toxicity of cocoa.
(20) I should cocoa: Hotel Chocolat boss aims for more bounce than an Easter bunny Read more Of the £55.5m raised from the share placing, £12m will be used to speed up expansion plans, which include opening new shops and improving its website.
Theobromine
Definition:
(n.) An alkaloidal ureide, C7H8N4O2, homologous with and resembling caffeine, produced artificially, and also extracted from cacao and chocolate (from Theobroma Cacao) as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also dimethyl xanthine.
Example Sentences:
(1) A HPLC-method for rapid, simultaneous and specific determination of proxyphylline, theophylline, glyphylline, theobromine, caffeine and 3-methylxanthine using 8-chlorotheophylline as internal standard is presented.
(2) Kinetic experiments indicated that the formation of each of the N-demethylated metabolites paraxanthine, theobromine and theophyline was mediated by both a high- and a low-affinity catalytic site over a substrate concentration range from 0.05 mM to 80.0 mM, although only the high-affinity component is likely to be of any importance at normally encountered in vivo caffeine concentrations.
(3) A study of the fluorescence quenching of human serum albumin (HSA) by caffeine, theophylline and theobromine, based on temperature dependence, has shown that it is predominantly static.
(4) Current concepts about the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of dietary methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine) favor their actions as antagonists of adenosine receptors, and attribute their other possible modes of action, namely those associated with translocation of intracellular calcium, inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) activity, or the release of catecholamines, to high (near-toxic) doses.
(5) Similar potentiation was induced when theobromine and the protein synthesis inhibitors were tested.
(6) Theophylline, caffeine and theobromine were less effective.
(7) Although caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine supposedly inhibit maturation of oocytes, studies using the starfish oocyte showed that theobromine does not inhibit maturation and the inhibition caused by caffeine and theophylline is reversible.
(8) Although these results might appear to differ from other reports of inhibition of theobromine elimination after five consecutive daily doses of theobromine in aqueous suspensions, both the rate and extent of absorption of theobromine in chocolate were less than that of theobromine in solution.
(9) Using reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine were analysed in blood plasma collected before and after an oral dose of caffeine.
(10) Paraxanthine accounted for 67.3% of the total dimethylxanthines in plasma, while theobromine and theophylline accounted for 24.4% and 8.3%, respectively.
(11) Potentiometric method for determination of papaverine hydrochloride (PAP) and theobromine (Tb) in a mixture, without separation of the components was designed.
(12) Overall, there was relatively little variation in risk of BPED with total methylxanthine intake, or with intake of caffeine or theophylline, while there was a positive association between theobromine intake and risk of BPED, but only when cases were compared with biopsy controls.
(13) After reconstitution in 200 microliter of mobile phase, the extracted xanthines, including theophylline, caffeine, theobromine and 1.7-dimethylxanthine, were baseline-resolved in less than 15 min.
(14) Like enzymes from higher eukaryotes, the activity from Helix pomatia is inhibited by thymidine, theophylline, theobromine nicotinamide, 3-methoxybenzamide and 3-aminobenzamide, and is dependent on histone and DNA.
(15) Theobromine and theophylline have a limited therapeutic use and in addition they occur in plants used in the preparation of a number of widely consumed drinks.
(16) Sertoli cell toxicity could account for these early and subtle effects as well as for the late and severe effects of subchronic exposure of rats to theobromine as reported in the literature.
(17) The metabolic profile of caffeine biotransformation by CYP1A2 averaged 81.5% for paraxanthine, 10.8% for theobromine and 5.4% for theophylline formation.
(18) However, only the primary metabolites were formed through oxidative N-demethylation giving theophylline, paraxanthine and theobromine and, through C-8 hydroxylation, giving 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid and a ring-opened compound the 6-amino-5[N-formylmethylamino]1,3-dimethyl uracil.
(19) It was anticipated that the results would form a basis for discussions relating to the establishment of a threshold value for theobromine in horse urine.
(20) A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure is developed for simultaneously quantitating the levels of caffeine, theophylline, theobromine and paraxanthine in breast milk.