(n.) One of the opium alkaloids; a white crystalline substance, C18H21NO3, similar to and regarded as a derivative of morphine, but much feebler in its action; -- called also codeia.
Example Sentences:
(1) No associations were found between sex, body-weight, smoking habits, age, urine volume or urine pH and the O-demethylation of codeine.
(2) The analgesic effects of acetaminophen alone were not significantly different from acetaminophen in combination with codeine.
(3) These results have implications in utilizing codeine phosphate as a positive skin prick test control for allergy testing.
(4) In the degradation reaction, formation of the symmetrically substituted citrate ester of codeine, 1, was found to predominate.
(5) Analysis of hair samples obtained from 10 drug-free control subjects were negative for 6-acetylmorphine, morphine, and codeine.
(6) Codeine and fenoprofen rapidly achieve their ultimate plasma equilibrium levels (on a q.
(7) Codeine 60 mg was significantly superior to placebo in all pain measures.
(8) Based on the current understanding that the analgesic effect of codeine is mediated primarily through morphine, one might anticipate that poor metabolisers would not obtain pain relief from codeine.
(9) One hundred patients completed the study and were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, each receiving either functioning transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators (TENS), placebo TENS, acetaminophen with codeine and a functioning TENS, or acetaminophen with codeine and a placebo TENS.
(10) Codeine was converted to codeinone and 14-hydroxycodeinone.
(11) These data suggest that codeine undergoes filtration at the glomerulus, tubular secretion and passive reabsorption.
(12) The animals completely generalized to the effects of codeine, fentanyl and EK-209, but did not generalize completely to the effect of ethylketocyclazocine.
(13) Haloperidol, used in a dose which did not affect the locomotor activity of mice, completely blocked or even reversed the stimulatory action of morphine and fentanyl, and potentiated the depression of locomotor activity produced by pentazocine and codeine.
(14) Comparison of the area under the time-effect curves for the combination and the individual components confirmed the synergism between codeine and paracetamol.
(15) The hydrolysis of codeine-6-glucuronide by beta-glucuronidase was incomplete and urine reduced the extent of hydrolysis.
(16) After amphetamine, codeine, or ampicillin administration, no target organ toxicity was seen in rats or mice, even at doses which caused body weight gain depression.
(17) Codeine 60 mg had a more rapid onset of action and greater maximal effects than Ro 15-8081.
(18) Protection by codeine 20 mg, dextromethorphan 30 mg, noscapine 30 mg, and placebo against citric acid-induced cough was determined in eighteen healthy subjects.
(19) The clinical significance of this polymorphism to the antidiarrhoeal and antitussive properties of codeine is not known.
(20) These data suggest that codeine-6-glucuronide undergoes filtration at the glomerulus and tubular reabsorption.
Thebaine
Definition:
(n.) A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, found in opium in small quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic action resembling that of strychnine.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results provide evidence for the enzymatic in vitro conversion by mammalian tissues of thebaine to morphine.
(2) Each step was evalutated for the yield of thebaine by use of 1-3H-thebaine and GLC.
(3) The method of drying and milling of tissue and the size of resultant particles were important factors in the quantitative recovery of thebaine.
(4) The minimum amount of thebaine that could readily be determined by the g.l.c.
(5) Potency was etorphine greater than morphine = codeine greater than thebaine.
(6) A method for the quantitative estimation of thebaine from P. bracteatum is presented.
(7) Shoot thebaine concentrations differed significantly for 18- and 37-week-old plants.
(8) The procedure gives base-line separation of thebaine without the need for gradient elution equipment, and can be completed within 12 min.
(10) some poppy plants were obtained that developed capsules richer in thebaine than the controls.
(11) Large doses of naltrexone precipitated a mild abstinence syndrome in dogs receiving thebaine chronically; however, no withdrawal abstinence syndrome was observed after abrupt withdrawal.
(12) Opial contains 50% morphine HCl and other opioids such as codeine, thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine etc.
(13) Attempts to use a codeinone intermediate gave poor yields; however, methylation of the potassium salt of codeine to give codeine methyl ether followed by oxidation with gamma-MnO2 gave thebaine in 67% yield from codeine.
(14) Oxymercuration of thebaine with mercuric acetate in refluxing methanol, followed by hydrolysis of the intermediate 7-acetomercurineopinone dimethyl ketal with 3 N acetic acid, or, alternatively, reduction of the organomercury compound with sodium borohydride and mild acid hydrolysis of the resulting neopinone dimethyl ketal, gives neopinone in 95-100% yields.
(15) A practical synthesis of thebaine and oripavine has been developed from codeine and morphine, respectively.
(16) Others opioids (dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and thebaine) are structurally similar to codeine and their metabolism (O-demethylation at the 3 position) might also be under genetic control.
(17) The method was applied successfully to the direct determination of thebaine in the Arya II population capsules of Papaver bracteatum Lindl.
(18) Thebaine isolated by this technique was shown to be pure, regardless of the age of plant or plant part from which it was obtained.
(19) One of the poppies, X7, (ca 5% thebaine) developed capsules consisting partly of polyploid tissue during the first and second year.
(20) The most potent drug in inhibiting the uptake of 5-HT (10 muM) by human platelets was methadone, followed by pentazocine>piminodine approximately pethidine approximately anileridine approximately cyclazocine approximately thebaine > dextropropoxyphene.