(a.) Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically (Law), related on the mother's side.
(a.) Of the same or a similar nature; of the same family; proceeding from the same stock or root; allied; kindred; as, a cognate language.
(n.) One who is related to another on the female side.
(n.) One of a number of things allied in origin or nature; as, certain letters are cognates.
Example Sentences:
(1) The use of sigma 54 promoters, known to require cognate binding proteins, could allow the fine-tuning that provides the temporal ordering of flagellar gene transcription.
(2) To date, a cognate action of E2 on the GnRH pulse generator has not been described.
(3) Cognate sites in genomes that diverged approximately 100 million years ago can be detected by PCR assays based on primer pairs from unique sequences.
(4) Cognate heat shock proteins might be involved in this renaturation process.
(5) LEW rats immunized with each of the three DA MHC chains produced alloantibodies to these chains, suggesting that indirect allorecognition did occur, because of the requirement for cognate recognition of B cells by T helper cells.
(6) Microcultures of helper T (Th) cells and a few appropriately primed murine B cells can be used to detect cognate T-B interactions which lead to clonal production of IgM, IgG1, and IgE.
(7) We have investigated the structural relationship of heat-inducible and cognate members of the human hsp70 gene family.
(8) If protein mixtures are subjected to affinity elution the cognate pair [tRNAPhe-phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase] is eluted first, followed by noncognate pairs.
(9) These results suggest that cognate T-B cell interactions may be important in the development of IgE immune responses in the normal host.
(10) Ribosomes programmed by different synonymous codons also differ in discriminating among near-cognate aminoacylated tRNAs.
(11) These results were then compared with CVB-specific IgM levels in the cognate patient sera.
(12) This line induces proliferation of and Ig secretion by I-Ak expressing but not H-2d resting and activated B cells as a result of cognate interactions.
(13) The protein has been designated as a stress cognate protein based on previous studies and data presented herein that this protein cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody originally raised against the Drosophila 70 kilodalton heat shock protein.
(14) By radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) using a fragment from the murine Pax-1 paired box that is almost identical to the respective sequences from the cognate human gene HuP48 and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a complete mouse Pax-1 cDNA, we have assigned the human homologue of murine Pax-1, the PAX1 locus, to chromosome 20p.
(15) One region in most sigma factors makes sequence-specific contacts at the -10 region of its cognate promoters.
(16) This suggests that the SRE and its cognate protein are likely to be involved in the regulation of Krox-24 and presumably of other immediate-early serum response genes.
(17) A third Slp gene exists within this locus whose recombinant cognate did not express in L cells.
(18) Two of the hox appear to be cognates of the human Hu-1 (or mouse Hox 2.1) and the mouse Hox 1-3, while another is closely related to the mouse Hox 1-4.
(19) Comparison of our skeletal muscle translocator sequence with that of a recently published human fibroblast translocator cognate revealed that the two proteins are 88% identical and diverged about 275 million years ago.
(20) Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of this genome segment with cognate segments of isolates of BTV 1 from Australia and South Africa, and BTV 10 and BTV 17 from the United States, revealed homologies of 98%, 80%, 79%, and 79%, respectively, at the nucleotide level and 98%, 90%, 89%, and 90% identity, respectively, at the amino acid level.
Reflex
Definition:
(a.) Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive; introspective.
(a.) Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in return.
(a.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by, stimulus or excitation without the necessary intervention of consciousness.
(n.) Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface to one in shade.
(n.) An involuntary movement produced by reflex action.
(v. t.) To reflect.
(v. t.) To bend back; to turn back.
Example Sentences:
(1) administration of the potent short-acting opioid, fentanyl, elicited inhibition of rhythmic spontaneous reflex increases in vesical pressure (VP) evoked by urinary bladder distension.
(2) Completeness of isolation of the coronary and systemic circulations was shown by the marked difference in appearance times between the reflex hypotensive responses from catecholamine injections into the isolated coronary circulation and the direct hypertensive response from a similar injection when the circulations were connected as well as by the marked difference between the pressure pulses recorded simultaneously on both sides of the aortic balloon separating the two circulations.4.
(3) They are best explained by interactions between central sympathetic activity, brainstem control of respiration and vasomotor activity, reflexes arising from around and within the respiratory tract, and the matching of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs.
(4) It is concluded that TRH is a specific activator of enteric excitatory pathways and that duodenal inhibition seen in control animals is a consequence of gastro-duodenal inhibitory reflexes.
(5) We conclude that the rat somatosympathetic reflex consists of an early excitatory component due to the early activation of RVL-spinal sympathoexcitatory neurons with rapidly conducting axons and a later peak that may arise from the late activation of these same neurons as well as the early activation of RVL vasomotor neurons with more slowly conducting spinal axons.
(6) These later results suggest that dopamine agonists increase sensorimotor reactivity measured with acoustic startle by acting on sensory rather than motor parts of the reflex arc.
(7) Stimulation with these electrodes were effective for inducing voiding with little residual volume after the recovery of bladder reflexes, 3 weeks after experimental spinal cord injury in the dog.
(8) Our experience shows that the most accurate indications are provided by acoustic stapedius reflex, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and vestibular investigation.
(9) These reflexes can function to limit forces applied to a leg and provide compensatory adjustments in other legs.
(10) The influence of vestibular dysfunction upon the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) in two common peripheral syndromes was investigated by two types of posturographic examination: "static" posturography, recording and analyzing the postural sway in stance, and "kinetic" posturography, recording the stepping in place test.
(11) However, H2-blocking agents, such as cimetidine and ranitidine, given either intravenously or intraspinally had a scarcely measurable effect on the spinal reflex.
(12) The H reflex response was found in the anterior tibialis muscle, at least unilaterally if not bilaterally, in eight of nine subjects with Huntington disease and in five of eight persons at risk.
(13) Tendon (T) and Hoffmann (H) reflexes were analyzed during static stretching (SS).
(14) From the results presented it appears that morphine produces a reciprocal change in the activity evoked in extensor and flexor reflex pathways.
(15) The poststenotic ischemia induced by sympathoexcitatory reflexes can also be prevented by blocking the sympathoexcitation at the central nervous level by clonidine.
(16) Furthermore, CV1% and DV6% have proved to be valid parameters in finding differences in the light reflex in non-age-matched study groups.
(17) This phenomena is strongly marked in spastic and mixed types of drowning and is absent in aspiration and reflex types.
(18) Investigations in normal subjects demonstrate that the LLR is a reflex mediated by fast conducting muscle and cutaneous afferents.
(19) It was also established that the right-left differences in the H-reflex latencies were directly related to the degree of the right-hand preference in the female subjects.
(20) The EMG silent periods (SP) produced in the open-close-clench cycle and jaw-jerk reflex were compared for duration before and after treatment with an occlusal bite splint.