(n.) The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it becomes gelatin or glue.
Example Sentences:
(1) Collagen production of rapidly thawed ligaments was studied by proline incubation at 1 day, 9 days, or 6 weeks after freezing and was compared with that of contralateral fresh controls.
(2) The rate of accumulation of degraded LDL products was lower in collagen gel cultures, but the final levels achieved were the same in the two substrata.
(3) In the present study, the expression of type IV collagen associated with the basal membrane (BM) was studied histochemically (indirect immunoperoxidase-antiperoxidase) in cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) lesions (diagnosed using in situ DNA hybridization) of different grades.
(4) Both Types I and II collagen are important constituents of the affected tissues, and thus defective collagens are reasonable candidates for the primary abnormality in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
(5) Furthermore, overlap syndromes between the different autoimmune liver diseases as well as with other disorders including collagen disorders can be observed.
(6) When cultures were pulse labeled for 15 min and then incubated under chase conditions for 105 min, the amount of degraded collagen attained a value equal to approximately 20% of the amount synthesized during the labeling period; the data were fit with a simple exponential function that had a 40-min rise time and a 12-min lag time.
(7) At concentrations several hundredfold higher than the equivalents present in the minimum concentration of rat skin soluble collagen required for platelet aggregation, neither Hyl-Gal (at 29 muM) nor Hyl-Gal-Glc (at 18 muM) caused platelet aggregation or inhibited platelet aggregation by native collagen.
(8) However, cimetidine did not show any effect on the proliferation of collagenous fibers in the interstitial space of the mucosa.
(9) Electron microscopic observations of the masseter nerve in the aged cats revealed a disruption of the myelin sheaths and a pronounced increase in collagen fibers in the endoneurium and perineurium.
(10) The kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of type I, II and III collagens have been measured and are similar in magnitude to those for the tissue collagenases.
(11) Increased amounts of laminin in the basal epithelium of the cornea and of collagen type III in the stroma and subepithelial components of the stroma were observed.
(12) The formation of auto-antibodies directed against laminin and type IV collagen is probably caused by restricted polyclonal B cell stimulation, a well known feature of trypanosomiasis.
(13) We found that when neutrophils were allowed to settle into protein-coated surfaces the amount of O2- they generated varied with the nature of the protein: IgG greater than bovine serum albumin greater than plastic greater than gelatin greater than serum greater than collagen.
(14) Pathologic examination demonstrates calcifications in the dead collagen that makes up catgut suture.
(15) Human Caco-2 enterocytes were cultured on matrix proteins (collagen I, laminin, fibronectin) with growth factors (epidermal growth factor [EGF] and transforming growth factor-beta 1 [TGF-beta 1]) and the tyrosine kinase and prostaglandin inhibitors genistein and indomethacin.
(16) In other experiments, the cells incorporated [3H]lysine into hydroxylysine residues of cell-associated collagen and then 32P into phosphohydroxylysine residues.
(17) On the other hand, ultraviolet (320-nm) light, absorbed by 3-hydroxy-pyridinium cross-links which were rapidly photolyzed, partially dissociated polymeric collagen aggregates from bovine Achilles tendon after subsequent heating.
(18) The drug was found to exhibit an ulcerostatic effect, to change the levels of collagen, noncollagen proteins, glycosaminoglycan fractions, DNA and RNA.
(19) Both enzymes are capable of catalyzing the refolding of thermally denatured type III collagen.
(20) Dissociated cerebral hemisphere cells from 4- to 7-day-old chick embryos were cultured either on a collagen or a polylysine substrate in a serum-containing medium.
Retinol
Definition:
(n.) A hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, -- used in printer's ink.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicate that CRALBP X 11-cis-retinol is sufficiently stereoselective in its binding properties to warrant consideration as a component of the mechanism for the generation of 11-cis-retinaldehyde in the dark.
(2) The methods discussed here are versatile procedures that have been effective for the quantification of retinoic acid and retinol in plasma or serum, cells in culture, and animal tissues.
(3) Pediatric) (280 micrograms retinol; 160 IU vitamin D; 2.8 mg tocopherol; 0.68 mg riboflavin) in a lipid emulsion, Intralipid.
(4) The first phase was induced by the action of retinol alone and not inhibited by TXA2 receptor antagonist.
(5) Carotenoids are absorbed and then partially converted to retinol in the enterocytes.
(6) The transport constant for specific retinol accumulation from RBP was 3.0 microM, suggesting that any change in the normal circulating retinol-RBP level (approximately 2 microM) would directly affect the rate of retinol accumulation.
(7) The enzyme xanthine oxidase is involved not only in the conversion of xanthine to uric acid but also in that of retinol to its more toxic metabolite, retinoic acid.
(8) With a bi-directional (up-down) gradient-elution technique both packings are useful for the determination of serum levels of carotenoids and retinol in serum extracts.
(9) Taken together, our results have demonstrated direct trophic effects of RA on spinal cord neurons and have suggested another role for astrocytes in the maintenance of normal neural physiology by regulating RA concentrations through the oxidation of retinol.
(10) Dialysed or heat-inactivated FBS or fatty-acid-free albumin was as effective as FBS in provoking ester hydrolysis and retinol release.
(11) Host response to nutritional therapy was monitored with plasma prealbumin and retinol-binding protein levels which did not change significantly in either group.
(12) These findings suggest that neither serum levels of selenium nor those of retinol have an appreciable effect on the risk of cancer.
(13) We measured parasitemia, mortality, serum retinol, liver retinol, spleen weight, and degree of xerophthalmia in vitamin A-deficient rats (A-), pair-fed control rats (A+PF), and ad libitum-fed control rats (A+AL) infected with Plasmodium berghei, a rodent malarial parasite.
(14) Among the identical residues there is one tryptophan at position 19 which is conserved in beta-lactoglobulins and is also found in the human retinol-binding protein at the corresponding position.
(15) Hence, the premature infant faces extrauterine adaptation with less total reserves of retinol than does the term infant.
(16) High maternal vitamin A intake results in high retinol transport to the fetus.
(17) Thus, the results of this study indicate that retinal is an obligatory intermediate in the hepatic production of retinoic acid from retinol and that cytosolic and microsomal retinol dehydrogenases play a key role in this process.
(18) This indicated either a higher degree of retinol metabolism or a sequestration of RA in the limb bud compared to the rest of the embryo at this stage of development.
(19) RA, which is one of the most active metabolites of retinol, is also present in low concentration in the blood and the RA rate formation varies from tissues depending on specific need of the cell.
(20) In conclusion, 17 of 23 children with persistent diarrhea had abnormal CIC results, significantly low serum retinol levels, and significantly high RDR results, although they had not yet manifested xerophthalmia.