(n.) A tissue of vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles and (usually) elongated.
Example Sentences:
(1) Many characters of leaf (hair, hypodermal cells, palisade layers, intercellular space, distinction between spongy and palisade parenchyma, "palisade ratio", distribution of collenchyma and sclerenchyma, presence or absence of starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, number, shape and arrangement of bundles of petiole) are useful distinguishing characters.
(2) The collenchyma was degraded in the rumen although with acid phloroglucinol it stained positive for the presence of phenolic compounds.
(3) Those techniques were applied to the study in situ of the walls of actively elongating parenchyma of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus), and pea (Pisum sativum) root and of collenchyma of celery (Apium graveolens) petioles.
(4) The architecture of the expanding wall of mung bean hypocotyl (Phaseolus aureus) and collenchyma of celery (Apium graveolens) was examined using freeze-etching without any cryoprotectant, and surface-replication of frozen-ground and air-dried specimens.
Sclerenchyma
Definition:
(n.) Vegetable tissue composed of short cells with thickened or hardened walls, as in nutshells and the gritty parts of a pear. See Sclerotic.
(n.) The hard calcareous deposit in the tissues of Anthozoa, constituting the stony corals.
Example Sentences:
(1) The parenchyma located close to the sclerenchyma became indigestible as the cell walls lignified progressively from the third stage.
(2) During normal development of roots and leaves, the expression of the gene was transient and particularly high in regions initiating vascular elements and associated sclerenchyma.
(3) Many characters of leaf (hair, hypodermal cells, palisade layers, intercellular space, distinction between spongy and palisade parenchyma, "palisade ratio", distribution of collenchyma and sclerenchyma, presence or absence of starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, number, shape and arrangement of bundles of petiole) are useful distinguishing characters.
(4) In mixed culture, both species adhered in significant numbers to the cut edges of most types of plant cell wall, but R. flavefaciens predominated on the epidermis, phloem, and sclerenchyma cell walls.
(5) The walls of the sclerenchyma of the treated straw were attacked by micro-organisms.
(6) Both treated and normal straw were abundantly colonized by rumen fungi, especially in the sclerenchyma.
(7) Zones of digestion were observed around bacteria of both species when attached to the lignified cell walls of the sclerenchyma, but not when attached to the lignified xylem vessels.
(8) Quantitation of tissue areas in cross sections by light microscopic techniques showed that fungal incubations resulted in significant (P = 0.05) increases in sclerenchyma degradation compared to whole ruminal fluid incubations.
(9) They also had a stronger reaction to Schiff reagent particularly in the sclerenchyma indicating that their polysaccharides were more accessible.
(10) Ryegrass stems were digested more slowly than lucerne stems, and the sclerenchyma and xylem of ryegrass were indigestible whatever the stage.
(11) Mixed ruminal fungi in selective cultures or in digesta taken directly from the rumen produced a massive clearing of the sclerenchyma.
(12) A rapid reaction of the acid-phloroglucin with lignin produced a deep red color in tracheary elements and an orange-red color in sclerenchyma.
(13) The abundant astrosclereids stained an orange-red color similar to that of sclerenchyma in the sections.
(14) In addition, high expression was observed in sclerenchyma and in the root cortex.
(15) The mestome cell wall was at times penetrated and partially degraded by fungi; the colonization was less frequent and to a lesser degree than with the sclerenchyma.