(n.) That process by which a number of isolated facts are brought under one conception, or summed up in a general proposition, as when Kepler discovered that the various observed positions of the planet Mars were points in an ellipse.
Example Sentences:
(1) The nonideality of all three colligative expressions is described by a dimensionless constant called the solute-solvent interaction parameter I.
(2) A corollary to this view is that protective additives such as glycerol protect cells by acting colligatively to reduce the electrolyte concentration at any subzero temperature.
(3) This result supports the hypothesis that the oxygen transport function of bloods with extracellular haemocyanins and haem proteins is limited by their colligative properties; (3) the pressure relationships and the absence of colloid osmotic activity in urine indicates that filtration contributes to urine formation in several species.
(4) Measurements of the colligative properties of nucleosides and their derivatives have shown that bases form transient aggregates in solution [Ts'o (1967) J.
(5) This phenomenon is called freezing hysteresis, in contrast to the normal colligative effect of solutes that depresses the equilibrium temperature, around which small changes lead to crystal growth or melting depending on sign.
(6) The perturbations of both equilibria are accurately described by the colligative thermodynamic framework.
(7) ), inhibit ice crystal growth by a non-colligative mechanism, probably by adsorbing onto the surface of potential seed ice crystals and thereby blocking growth at preferred growth sites.
(8) However, cosolvent induced changes in Ki indicate that colligative as well as dielectric constant effects contribute to the observed changes in kinetic behavior.
(9) Specialization to temperatures at or below 0 degrees C is associated with an inability to survive at temperatures above 3-8 degrees C. Polar fish synthesize various types of glycoproteins or peptides to lower the freezing point of most extracellular fluid compartments in a non-colligative manner.
(10) An understanding of the osmotic physiology and colligative properties of a solution will benefit the emergency physician in proper ordering and interpretation of serum osmolality measurements.
(11) Membrane and vapor pressure osmometry are two colligative methods that can be useful in lipid research.
(12) The use of polyvinylpyrrolidone, an inert polymer resembling plasma proteins in its colligative effects, in the testing of micrococcaceae for sensitivity to methicillin and cephradine is described.
(13) Accumulation of polyols causes a steep drop in the lethal temperature, due to a reduction of the amount of ice by a colligative mechanism.
(14) By employing EtOH as a colligative cryoprotectant, we preserved the adult mammalian heart frozen at -3.4 degrees C or unfrozen at -1.4 degrees C, suggesting that this small molecular weight, penetrating substance may be a suitable cryoprotectant for long-term storage of the cardiac explant at high subzero temperatures.
(15) It is more likely that the modulation of atmospheric gas composition is based on the colligative properties of exponentially growing mixed populations of microorganisms rather than on "daisies".
(16) The primary actions of ethanol result from colligative effects of the high molar concentrations rather than from specific interactions with receptors.
(17) The antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP) of polar fish have the ability to depress the freezing temperature of water approximately 500 times the amount expected based on the number of AFGP molecules in solution; yet AFGP solutions have a purely colligative melting point depression.
(18) It is known from the physical chemistry that mucoid substances (glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycoproteins) constitute polyanionic gels with anomalous colligative behaviour and differential preference for binding some cations such as H+, K+, Ca2+.
(19) Once these concepts have been established and the advantages and limitations of its cytologic packaging recognized, the study of the erythrocyte as expressed in its dimensions, colligative aspects, geometry, internal morphology and pathologic variations can be approached in a purposeful manner.
(20) The data, in combination with other findings, lead to two conclusions: (a) The protection from glycerol is due to its colligative ability to reduce the concentration of sodium chloride in the external medium, but (b) the protection is less than that expected from colligative effects; apparently glycerol itself can also be a source of damage, probably because it renders the red cells susceptible to osmotic shock during thawing.
Junction
Definition:
(n.) The act of joining, or the state of being joined; union; combination; coalition; as, the junction of two armies or detachments; the junction of paths.
(n.) The place or point of union, meeting, or junction; specifically, the place where two or more lines of railway meet or cross.
Example Sentences:
(1) The findings clearly reveal that only the Sertoli-Sertoli junctional site forms a restrictive barrier.
(2) Thus adrenaline, via pre- and post-junctional adrenoceptors, may contribute to enhanced vascular smooth muscle contraction, which most likely is sensitized by the elevated intracellular calcium concentration.
(3) Linear and annular gap junctions between neighbouring cells were present, particularly in Group 1.
(4) The family comprises at least three variable (V) gene segments, three constant (C) gene segments, and three junction (J) gene segments.
(5) Intraepidermal clefting starts at the junction between the basal and epidermal layers, and later involves all of the levels of the stratum spinosum.
(6) The actions of the polyvalent cationic dye Ruthenium Red and the enzyme neuraminidase were studied at the frog neuromuscular junction.
(7) Circular muscle strips from the opossum esophageal body obtained 3-5 cm above the esophagogastric junction were suspended in organ baths for measurement of isometric tension.
(8) There is approximately a 25% decrease in aggregation from regions of the rib distal to the metaphyseal-growth plate junction (69%) to the region proximal to it (50%).
(9) Whereas the tight junctions of endoneurial capillaries are known to prevent certain blood-borne substances from entering the endoneurium, it was not clear whether the permeability of the pulpal capillaries, which are distant from the nerve fibres, could affect the nerve fibre environment.
(10) In contrast, newly formed secondary myotubes are short cells which insert solely into the primary myotubes by a series of complex interdigitating folds along which adhering junctions occur.
(11) The junctional currents were already constant 1 ms after step changes in the junctional voltage; this was three orders of magnitude faster than the other known examples of voltage-controlled gap junctions between embryonic cells.
(12) Three cases of simultaneous atrial and a-v junctional tachycardia, related to the administration of digitalis and occurring in a short period of 16 months, are reported.
(13) In junctions, 3' PSS termini are preserved by fill-in DNA synthesis, although their 5' recessed ends cannot serve as a primer.
(14) It is therefore suggested that salt water adaptation triggers a cellular reorganization of the epithelium in such a way that leaky junctions (a low resistance pathway) appear at the apex of the chloride cells.
(15) At the adult neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine (ACh) receptors are highly localized at the subsynaptic membrane, whereas, embryonic myotubes before innervation have receptors distributed over the entire surface.
(16) The normal anatomical position of the point of junction of the superficial cerebral veins with the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses of the rat was studied with an analytical mathematical method.
(17) Histological examination showed that in many cases these terminal sprouts appeared to reinnervate abandoned junctional sites on adjacent denervated fibers.
(18) In vivo, the ability of an AChR clustering stimulus to depress cluster formation elsewhere on the muscle cell may influence both the site at which the neuromuscular junction develops as well as which axons survive during synapse elimination.
(19) Immunofluorescence and immunoelectronmicroscopy experiments demonstrated that while tight junctions demarcate PAS-O distribution in confluent cultures, apical polarity could be established at low culture densities when cells could not form tight junctions with neighboring cells.
(20) PTH, an inducer of shape change, did not affect the number of gap junctions appreciably.