(n.) The combination of a combustible with a supporter of combustion, producing heat, and sometimes both light and heat.
(n.) Violent agitation; confusion; tumult.
Example Sentences:
(1) Solely infectious waste become removed hospital-intern and -extern on conditions of hygienic prevention, namely through secure packing during the transport, combustion or desinfection.
(2) Glucose, osmotic pressure, packed cell volume, PFC by combustion and volatilization were also measured in blood samples.
(3) N-heterocyclic aromatics are environmentally important carcinogenic pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic material.
(4) A removable, stainless-steel tube is present around the heated area, and this particular configuration makes it possible to begin every combustion procedure from room temperature, and consequently, to achieve a complete evacuation of air from the line even for heat-labile samples.
(5) Combustion-product toxicity of perfluorinated polymers in small-scale tests varied markedly under various exposure conditions.
(6) Although few relationships among combustion parameters and emissions were uncovered, patterns of emissions were evident, suggesting commonality and relationships among the waste stream constituents and emissions.
(7) Biological studies have demonstrated that concentrated extract of tars from combustion of shale oil are carcingenic to the skin of mice.
(8) Some compounds derived from tobacco combustion can be induce a response of secretory immune system, because antigen penetration is by respiratory tract epithelium, with IgA antibodies synthesis and immune complex (IC) generation.
(9) Waste products from coal combustion have the highest potential risk among the fossil fuel alternatives.
(10) Bicyclic phosphorus esters (BCP) originating from the combustion of fire-retardant polyurethane foam containing phosphorus are highly toxic compounds and potent antagonists of GABA-ergic receptors.
(11) Firefighters are routinely exposed to a wide variety of combustion products.
(12) Combustion gas drying had no effect for the larger PAHs such as benzo(a)pyrene but caused mean increases of between 41% and 126% for fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene.
(13) A wet combustion method for the carbon determination was developed.
(14) The design-specified operating temperature was 800 degrees C in the primary combustion chamber and 1000 degrees C in the secondary chamber.
(15) Fullerenes C60 and C70, generated by combustion, have been shown previously to be produced in controlled laminar flames accompanied by other compounds having fullerene-like characteristics.
(16) There is growing concern over the detrimental health effects to firefighters produced by exposure to combustion byproducts of burning materials.
(17) Residential wood combustion accounted for 75% of the exposure to particle associated organics, but only 20% of the estimated cancer risk.
(18) Evidence for the atmospheric formation of nitro-PAH has come only recently, from observations that 2-nitropyrene (2-NP) and 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NF) neither of which has been reported to be emitted from combustion sources, are among the major nitro-PAH present in ambient air.
(19) The combustion gases of cotton, polypropylene, acrylic, flame retardant (F.R.)
(20) Products of incomplete combustion are identified as a major source of carcinogenic risk in urban areas, especially those from small non-industrial sources.
Soot
Definition:
(n.) A black substance formed by combustion, or disengaged from fuel in the process of combustion, which rises in fine particles, and adheres to the sides of the chimney or pipe conveying the smoke; strictly, the fine powder, consisting chiefly of carbon, which colors smoke, and which is the result of imperfect combustion. See Smoke.
(v. t.) To cover or dress with soot; to smut with, or as with, soot; as, to soot land.
(a.) Alt. of Soote
Example Sentences:
(1) With the exception of PMMA and PTFE, all plastics leave a very heavy tar- and soot deposit after burning.
(2) No difference in the yield of bacterial mutagens per gram of fuel burned was found between cyclic operation under low and moderate sooting conditions.
(3) The report also warned of a growing risk of contaminated water supply because of sea-level rise and flooding, and poor air quality as hotter temperatures cook the smog, and soot from wildfires drifts across the country.
(4) When soot from those fires settles over the ice, it captures the sun's heat.
(5) The impact of the soot is as significant as it is surprising — it was not mentioned as a warming factor in the UN's major 2007 report on climate change.
(6) Under the same incubation conditions without soot, free B[a]P was extensively metabolized by microsomes, principally to B[a]P-9,10-diol.
(7) Nitrogen dioxide is shown to be a more hazardous pollutant than flame-soot within the given combination.
(8) To determine the factors affecting the bioavailability of particle-associated PAH, we have studied the ability of microsomes to facilitate transfer of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) adsorbed on the surface of diesel exhaust soot particles to the microsomes and the ability of the microsomes to metabolize the transferred B[a]P. Our results indicate that rat lung and liver microsomes were able to facilitate the transfer of small amounts of B[a]P from diesel particles (less than 3%), but only a fraction of the amount transferred (1-2%) was metabolized.
(9) The transport rates of each material component of diesel exhaust particles (soot, slowly cleared organics, and fast-cleared organics) were derived using available experimental data and several mathematical approximations.
(10) The intense phototoxic activity of native soot ingested by the ciliates was shown to be dependent on the amount of polycyclic hydrocarbons contained.
(11) The figure includes around 29,000 deaths hastened by inhaling minute particles of oily, unburnt soot emitted by all petrol engines, and an estimated 23,500 by the invisible but toxic gas NO 2 emitted by diesel engines.
(12) His head pounds, “my chest gets heavy, stomach gets tight” and “I feel suffocated, anxious.” “I have difficulty breathing at the end of the day, my face is black with soot,” says Kumar, waiting for his next fare on a noisy corner in south Delhi, beside a road jammed with honking cars, trucks and buses.
(13) But by far the greatest source of renewable energy used globally at present is burning biomass (about 10% of the total global energy supply), which is problematic because it can cause deforestation, leads to deposits of soot that accelerate global warming, and cooking fires cause indoor air pollution that harms health.
(14) Among carcinogens identified in the work environment, tars, soots and oils with content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (46.5%), chromium compounds (24.3%), "other" chemicals like ferric oxide, dichlorobenzidine, N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine (9.1%), and asbestos (9.1%) have predominated in proportions given in brackets.
(15) A rapid optical method for determining the quantity of soot in the lungs of rodents exposed to diluted diesel exhaust has been developed.
(16) In using the standard alkali digestion method for pulmonary asbestos fibre count, it was found that carbonaceous particles often obscured the presence of asbestos bodies (coated fibres) rendering their quantification inaccurate, particularly in lungs with a high soot particle content and a low fibre count.
(17) But when recent observations about the atmospheric height of soot particles were used, a model simulation by the Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo (Cicero), published in the journal Nature Communications , found that its warming impacts were roughly halved.
(18) The benzene extract of oil shale soot, painted on the skin of white mice, proved to be strongly carcinogenic: in most of the animals skin tumors developed.
(19) 12 patients showed isolated mucosal inflammation, 5 blackish deposits (of impacted soot) and blisters in 6 (with shreds of mucosa hanging loose); the endoscopy was normal in 18; 66% of those with blisters (4 cases out of 6) and 40% with blackened mucosa (2 cases out of 5) were observed in burns from fires.
(20) Together, these tricks of the auto trade should increase a car’s fuel economy and lower its carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), soot or toxic nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) gas pollution levels by about 10-20%.