(n.) An animal, not truly parasitic, which lives in, with, or on, another, partaking usually of the same food. Both species may be benefited by the association.
(a.) Having the character of a commensal.
Example Sentences:
(1) An alternative is to test for antibody to a widespread commensal organism to which the patient must have been repeatedly exposed.
(2) In the latter, only the commensal rodents constitute a major problem, whereas in rural tropical areas, native semidomestic species also serve as disease reservoirs and sources of infection to man.
(3) Of 1343 stool specimens 156 (11.6%) were positive for intestinal parasites (5.4% pathogenic and 6.3% commensals).
(4) These results indicate that B. ureolyticus is a commensal in the lower genital tract.
(5) The results of this study suggest that in the majority of patients with AIDS in this group from Leicester, original commensal strains were replaced, replacement occurred early in the manifestation of AIDS, and replacement occurred only once.
(6) If patients are in addition immunocompromised, otherwise commensal bacteria may cause life threatening infections.
(7) It is suggested that plants may serve as an effective environmental reservoir for V. cholerae either through a non-specific association or by interaction with V. cholerae in commensal relationship.
(8) We report a case of septic arthritis of the knee due to Neisseria mucosa a widespread commensal of the oropharynx following an infiltration of the joint.
(9) Morphologically very similar SB occur as commensals in the stomachs of various animals, in particular dogs and cats.
(10) The bacteria isolated by transtracheal aspiration were predominately pure culture, thereby lowering the possibility of contamination from commensal flora.
(11) The proportion of fimbriate strains amongst Escherichia coli freshly isolated from infected urines did not differ significantly from the proportion amongst commensal Esch.
(12) Neisseria mucosa, an upper respiratory tract commensal, is a rare cause of infective endocarditis.
(13) Approximately 75% of the nasopharyngeal pathogens H. influenzae, B. catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as the commensal M. nonliquefaciens, were eliminated and often replaced by other strains of either species over a period of one month.
(14) Mouse t haplotypes are variant forms of chromosome 17 that exist at high frequencies in worldwide populations of two species of commensal mice.
(15) We underline the originality of the Robertsonian commensal population which displays a particular strategy consisting of a mix of outdoor and commensal traits.
(16) Haemophilus segnis is a rarely recognised commensal in the oropharynx.
(17) The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was determined in three species of domestic and commensal mammals, from Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
(18) The organisms found were the common skin commensals, Staphylococcus epidermidis biotype I, anaerobic Gram positive cocci of the Gaffya type and Corynebacterium acnes Type I.
(19) The existence of commensal or antagonistic relationships between microorganisms in the root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis was investigated.
(20) This isolated strain in case 1 was M-type 28, which is the M-type most often isolated from vaginal swabs (as commensal) and from blood from patients with puerperal sepsis.
Parasite
Definition:
(n.) One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant.
(n.) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte.
(n.) A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of fungi of the genus Torrubia.
(n.) An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc.
(n.) An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager.
(n.) An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European cuckoo.
Example Sentences:
(1) The rise of malaria despite of control measures involves several factors: the house spraying is no more accepted by a large percentage of house holders and the alternative larviciding has only a limited efficacy; the houses of American Indians have no walls to be sprayed; there is a continuous introduction of parasites by migrants.
(2) However, ticks, which failed to finish their feeding and represent a disproportionately great part of the whole parasite's population, die together with them and the parasitic system quickly restores its stability.
(3) One thousand nineteen Wyoming ground squirrels (Spermophilus elegans elegans) from 4 populations in southern Wyoming were examined for intestinal parasites.
(4) Ten or 4% of the administered parasites passed in the feces during the 3 days following the first or second infection, but 32% after the third infection.
(5) However, the degree of inhibition of parasite replication after exposure to rMu-GM-CSF was not as great as after treatment with rMu-IFN-gamma, and much more rMu-GM-CSF than rMu-IFN-gamma was required to achieve an equivalent antimicrobial effect.
(6) Filipin-induced lesions in glutaraldehyde-fixed parasites indicated higher levels of beta-hydroxysterols in the amastigote than in the promastigote plasma membrane, and in the promastigote flagellar membrane than in the body membrane.
(7) The propionyl-CoA condensing enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of 2-methylbutyrate and 2-methylvalerate by Ascaris muscle appears to exist in at least three forms in the mitochondria of this parasitic nematode.
(8) The time to recovery of full consciousness, time to parasite clearance, and mortality were examined with Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis.
(9) In addition, a redistribution of cellular controls of the host reaction to parasites may act as a complementary mechanism for establishment of the viable equilibrium between host and parasite.
(10) symptoms, bowel habits, normal physical examination, absence of intestinal infections or parasites) b) physiopathological evaluation (hyperactivity of the distal colon, hypersensitivity to stimuli, stress), and c) physiological evaluation of the patient.
(11) Parasite antigen was present in sera from all infected animals before treatment.
(12) We have found intrathrombocytic parasites of Plasmodium vivax (in 10% of men naturally infected) and P berghei (in 53% of mice experimentally infected); these were both merozoites and trophozoites.
(13) they are shown to inhibit in vitro the release of iron from acidified host cell cytosol, consisting mostly of hemoglobin, a process that could provide this trace element to the parasite.
(14) Phagocytosis of normal or parasitized red cells was not observed.
(15) A radical rearrangement of the organism occurred gradually: initially oval in shape, the parasite became round, then elongated, flattened, and underwent cytokinesis.
(16) The parasites were highly aggregated within the study community, with most people harbouring low burdens while a few individuals harboured very heavy burdens.
(17) Discovery of this vectorhost-parasite system in the Americas, and the localization of promastigote flagellates (leptomonads) in the hindgut of the vector, should assist in clarifying interpretative problems associated with infection of wild-caught flies in studies on leishmaniasis in the Americas and elsewhere.
(18) At the external wall of the host's gut, parasitic cysts of this nematode with immature stages inside were also observed.
(19) All three parasite lines required sialic acid for optimal invasion, but Thai-2 parasites cultured in Tn erythrocytes invaded neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes with 45% efficiency whereas Camp parasites invaded neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes with less than 10% efficiency.
(20) Pretreatment of G6PD(+) cells with ascorbate caused a slight enhancement in parasite development, while in G6PD(-) cells a suppressive effect on the plasmodia was demonstrated.