What's the difference between comminution and pulverization?
Comminution
Definition:
(n.) The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small particles; pulverization; the state of being comminuted.
(n.) Fracture (of a bone) into a number of pieces.
(n.) Gradual diminution by the removal of small particles at a time; a lessening; a wearing away.
Example Sentences:
(1) The treatment of a Smith type-II fracture is a volar buttress plate unless extended comminution is present.
(2) Pure blow-out fracture or comminuted facial fracture, double vision and amnesia emerged as additional factors which yielded an efficient scoring system with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 90% for the population upon which it was based.
(3) The characteristic injuries were compression wedge-shaped fractures, multiple fractures of the vertebrae, comminuted and traumatic spondylolistheses and dislocation fractures.
(4) The following signs in the preoperative radiographs were predictive of unfavorable outcome: small head fragment, comminution of the calcar femorale, and varus angulation of the head.
(5) One hospital had a significantly higher proportion of patients wounded by bullets that disrupted after impact; these wounds were associated with comminuted fractures.
(6) Traumatic lesions of the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) with comminuted depressed fractures and with tears of dura require operative management.
(7) Shortening in severe comminution was the main complication and was not controlled by supplementary cast-bracing.
(8) Stable fractures treated in skin traction did well and extensively comminuted fractures appeared to be best treated with 90-90 skeletal traction.
(9) Comminuted body fractures are best treated with an anterior strut graft.
(10) Serious septal injuries may include comminuted caudal border fractures, septal crushes, and saddling with loss of septal height.
(11) In comminuted fractures, the axial deviation persists but can be compensated for by the adjacent segments of the spine.
(12) Special attention should be focused on injuries with comminution and bone loss in the medial wall and floor of the orbit, with loss of cartilaginous nasal support, and with orbital displacement and dystopia.
(13) A comminuted burst ("teardrop") fracture produced by axial loading of the vertebral bodies should be stabilized by an anterior cortical strut graft for early mobilization and realignment of the spinal column to prevent progressive deformity.
(14) A new technique is presented for the treatment of comminuted intraarticular fractures of the base of the thumb metacarpal.
(15) Forty-seven patients had unstable comminuted fractures, and 20 of these had medial displacement osteotomies performed.
(16) Errors in surgical judgment were attributed to inadequate preoperative analysis of the pattern of the fracture; undetected intraoperative comminution during reaming or insertion of the nail, or both; or postoperative failure to recognize an increase in comminution and instability of the fracture.
(17) Special attention must be paid to the Sarmiento type-II fracture with severe comminution of the dorsal cortex, severe radial shortening (greater than 10 mm) and dorsal tilt (greater than 25 degrees).
(18) Its treatment concurrent with the treatment of a severely comminuted fracture of the mandible has been reported.
(19) Preservation of the radial head with anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation is preferred, but radial head replacement may be necessary in cases with extensive comminution.
(20) Forty comminuted or unstable fractures of the femoral shaft were treated by closed intramedullary reaming and locked nailing.
Pulverization
Definition:
(n.) The action of reducing to dust or powder.
Example Sentences:
(1) The process of cellular fusion induced by Sendai virus in Chinese hamster cells (Don line) afforded us the opportunity to study nuclear envelope formation around metaphase sets in the presence of interphase nuclei, when chromosome pulverization failed to occur in such multinucleate cells.
(2) The longer the cells were incubated with Colcemid before fusion, the higher was the number of cells with telophase-like nuclei and the lower the percentage of cells with pulverizations.
(3) 30% of the metaphase cells from treated females and fetuses showed strongly contracted chromosomes and reduced number os "pulverized" chromosomes.
(4) These observations further substantiate our previously advanced hypothesis regarding the essential role played by substances present in a mitotic cell in the induction of chromosome pulverization and nuclear membrane dissolution.
(5) The stool samples are dried, pulverized, and then investigated.
(6) On the contralateral side, the demineralized bone was reimplanted without pulverization, but with bone marrow.
(7) Therefore, the utmost care should be taken in the production and handling of pulverized enzymes and their inhalation should be avoided.
(8) ARU chief executive Bill Pulver has announced a change to allow a few, much-capped players based offshore to be selected for Australia.
(9) After UV treatment, pulverization of the chromosomes occurred and larger nuclear fragments which might be products of an abnormally proceeding mitosis with chromatin confluence were observed.
(10) The trace photodegradation product in pulverized tablets is determined along with nifedipine by the same procedure.
(11) Cells were cultured for varying periods in the presence and absence of nonpolymerized methacrylate (one to two-micrometer spherules), pulverized polymerized material, or culture chambers that were pre-coated with polymerized cement.
(12) In addition to chromosomal breaks, gaps and pulverization, three kinds of cytogenetic damage (double minutes, polyploidy and endoreduplication) not yet reported following productive infection with HSV or other animal viruses were frequently observed.
(13) Pulverized calcium oxalate renal stones were extracted with 0.05 M EDTA, pH 8.0; nephrocalcin eluted in five peaks using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and each peak was further resolved by Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography.
(14) Analyses with the use of cell synchronization and autoradiography revealed that chromosome aberrations were induced only in the cells which synthesized DNA during incubation at 39 degrees C. We classified the chromosome aberrations into five types: gap or break type; exchange type; pulverization type; complex type; and ring type.
(15) All birds on one of the premises ( a total of 14, 000) were vaccinated when 5 days old with a liquid vaccine of strain B1 (one fourth dose per bird) using the Dutch pulverizing apparatus Flox-10 -- group I.
(16) Shock wave generation by spark gap, electromagnetic, piezoelectric and microexplosive techniques are related to their peak energy, frequency, and total energy capabilities which impacts on both anesthesia needs and the length and number of treatment sessions required to pulverize calculi.
(17) Photo-irradiation of G2 or early prophase chromatin induced chromosome pulverization.
(18) After pulverization the dusts contained 98.1% and 99.6% respirable particles, and 6.5% and 6.0% of SiO2, respectively, determined with the Polezhajev method.
(19) The effect of pulverized plastic and glass-ceramic materials (methylmetacrylate, MNA), which are used as implantation materials in surgical medicine, on cell growth, DNA synthesis rate (adjudged by incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA), glucose consumption and lactate production (glycolytic rate) was studied in asynchronous monolayer cultures of rather fast proliferating Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and rather slowly proliferating diploid human fibroblasts.
(20) One patient with total stone pulverization, become jaundiced 1 month after ECSWL and a gallbladder carcinoma was found at surgery.