(v. t.) To mingle and blend, so that different elements can not be distinguished; to confuse.
(v. t.) To mistake for another; to identify falsely.
(v. t.) To throw into confusion or disorder; to perplex; to strike with amazement; to dismay.
(v. t.) To destroy; to ruin; to waste.
Example Sentences:
(1) Previous studies have not always controlled for socioeconomic status (SES) of mothers or other potential confounders such as gestational age or birthweight of infants.
(2) Displacing potencies for dopamine in the nanomolar range are associated with agonist-specific D-3 receptor binding and it is predicted that the component of D-2 binding with high agonist affinity may play a confounding role in many D-3 receptor studies.
(3) Frequently, however, only incomplete data on confounders can be obtained from sources such as next-of-kin or co-workers.
(4) Among all subgroups, the odds ratios adjusted for pertinent confounders and interactions fluctuated randomly by about 0.9 and showed no consistent trend with increased alcohol consumption.
(5) The possibility of applying Signal Detection Theory (SDT) to gustation was investigated by testing the effect of three variables--smoking, signal probability, and food intake (confounded with time of day)--on the taste sensitivity to sucrose of 24 male and 24 female Ss.
(6) They also include difficulties peculiar to the condition of mild mental retardation, including the choice of method of classification whether by IQ testing or administratively; the heterogeneous nature of the individuals so characterised; and the confounding effects of social and biological factors and the changes in the implications for the affected individual of the condition, depending on age, sex and environment.
(7) Practitioners must be aware of the potential for interactions between (and confounding by) commercially used feed components.
(8) A weakness was in not including confounding factors such as social class and the lack of detailed questions on topics.
(9) In practice, confounding by factors related to exposure opportunity is common.
(10) By using a national sample we ensured that the influence of regional variations in the configuration of long-term care services would not confound estimates of the relative effect of client-related factors.
(11) The independent effects of separation and display size, which were confounded in the Sagi and Julesz experiments, were examined.
(12) In particular, it is shown that adjustment for a misclassified confounding variable can be greatly improved by using the methods presented.
(13) Possible confounding effects of missing data, institutionalization prior to adoption, information given to adoptive parents by the adoption agencies about the child's biological background, historical period, perinatal factors, and selective placement were considered.
(14) I argue that (a) the procedures they used to study confounding were suboptimal because multiple measures of depression and catastrophizing were not employed and (b) the distinctiveness of constructs might better be regarded as a continuous rather than all-or-none (having adequate discriminant validity versus being confounded) concept.
(15) The observed relation between physical activity and colon cancer was not confounded by dietary intake of calories, fat, or protein, nor was the diet and colon cancer relation confounded by physical activity (odds ratios for calories, protein, and fat in males were 2.40, 2.57, and 2.18, respectively).
(16) It is this "multiple system failure" that compounds the effects of large scale events and confounds emergency response.
(17) To control for possible confounding variables, the authors repeated the analyses after stratifying by demographic and diagnostic variables that were distributed differently among men and women.
(18) Some recent reports implicate marijuana smoking as a cause of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, though most of the subjects were exposed to other, possibly confounding, etiologic factors, namely tobacco and alcohol.
(19) With the use of the logistic regression method, an adjusted OR was obtained after controlling various confounders.
(20) The purpose of this study was to examine the association between maternal caffeine consumption and low birthweight, intrauterine growth retardation, and prematurity, adjusting for multiple confounders.
Disorient
Definition:
(v. t.) To turn away from the cast; to confuse as to which way is east; to cause to lose one's bearings.
Example Sentences:
(1) It's a small sample, consisting of the folk on the train to Kings Cross this lunchtime, but your MBM correspondent saw: several gentlemen swilling from cans of San Miguel and talking excitedly about the World Cup; two blonde women in frankly disorienting 1980s style football shorts waving flags; and a bloke sitting on his own necking a tin of pre-mixed gin and tonic.
(2) Disoriented by the early goal, they waged a frantic war in the middle of the pitch, exchanging misplaced passes.
(3) The secondary lamellae of the gills were shortened and deformed and the epithelial cells were disoriented with regard to the pillar cell system.
(4) A 64-year-old right-handed patient was found to be disoriented and confused after undergoing the operation of gastrectomy.
(5) Madrid 24:215-251, 1926) for control Purkinje cells (phase of the fusiform cell, phase of the stellate cell with disoriented dendrons, and phase of orientation and flattening of the dendrites).
(6) Outer segment material was sparse and consisted mostly of whorls of disorganized and disoriented disc lamellae.
(7) A young, male, free-ranging Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) was found disoriented and died after being held in captivity for several months.
(8) Collagen fibrils in unstrained ligamentum flavum were much more disoriented than in the longitudinal ligaments.
(9) At the time of publishing the list stands at 244, including, but certainly not limited to: disturbed balance; blurred vision; cataracts; mass bee extinction; unexplained deaths of cattle, goats, dolphins, worms and sundry other animals; family discord; disoriented echidnas; social problems among peacocks; and eggs without yolks.
(10) These facts indicated that PFC stimulation did not disorient the animals nor inhibit their voluntary motor activity.
(11) Taking as a starting point the American painter Alice Neel’s prophetic 1936 painting, Nazis Murder Jews , which depicts a Communist party torchlight parade through the streets of New York City, it collects new and recent pieces that address in different ways our own disorienting political moment.
(12) A major weakness is identified in the methodologies employed in both types of research: namely, a neglect of the way in which responses to unusual and disorienting environments, whether nauseogenic or not, may be affected by the activities, skills and strategies of the perceiver.
(13) The first-time reader of William Gibson’s Neuromancer , if unacquainted with any of Gibson’s other novels, is likely to be perplexed and disoriented.
(14) The intrafusal fibers extended well beyond the ensheathing capsule, after which they became disoriented and often fused with each other before terminating on the connective tissue of extrafusal fibers.
(15) The five-times champion Serena Williams suffered a distressing exit from Wimbledon on Monday as she was forced to retire after three games of a doubles match with her sister Venus, suffering from a viral illness that left her groggy, disoriented and barely able to hit the ball.
(16) We found a seizure five times more likely than syncope if the patient was disoriented after the event and three times more likely if the patient was less than 45 years of age.
(17) He is in many ways a fascinating player all round: a beautifully balanced two-footed playmaker who is at the same time not particularly athletic, not particularly quick, not particularly strong, not blessed with disorienting charisma or given to outlandish moments of extraordinary skill.
(18) In the hospital emergency department, diagnosing a fracture of the pelvis is difficult because the patient may be unconscious or disoriented, have multisystem injury, may not demonstrate bruising or other physical findings, and because the attendant bleeding is often retroperitoneal.
(19) A 74-year-old woman with mild dementia became disoriented and developed paranoid delusions when treated with low-dose propranolol.
(20) The myelinating fibers crossing the scarred tissue were disoriented; however, fiber structure was normal, and the numbers of myelin lamellae did not differ significantly between scars and non-scarred tissue.