(v. t.) To mingle and blend, so that different elements can not be distinguished; to confuse.
(v. t.) To mistake for another; to identify falsely.
(v. t.) To throw into confusion or disorder; to perplex; to strike with amazement; to dismay.
(v. t.) To destroy; to ruin; to waste.
Example Sentences:
(1) Previous studies have not always controlled for socioeconomic status (SES) of mothers or other potential confounders such as gestational age or birthweight of infants.
(2) Displacing potencies for dopamine in the nanomolar range are associated with agonist-specific D-3 receptor binding and it is predicted that the component of D-2 binding with high agonist affinity may play a confounding role in many D-3 receptor studies.
(3) Frequently, however, only incomplete data on confounders can be obtained from sources such as next-of-kin or co-workers.
(4) Among all subgroups, the odds ratios adjusted for pertinent confounders and interactions fluctuated randomly by about 0.9 and showed no consistent trend with increased alcohol consumption.
(5) The possibility of applying Signal Detection Theory (SDT) to gustation was investigated by testing the effect of three variables--smoking, signal probability, and food intake (confounded with time of day)--on the taste sensitivity to sucrose of 24 male and 24 female Ss.
(6) They also include difficulties peculiar to the condition of mild mental retardation, including the choice of method of classification whether by IQ testing or administratively; the heterogeneous nature of the individuals so characterised; and the confounding effects of social and biological factors and the changes in the implications for the affected individual of the condition, depending on age, sex and environment.
(7) Practitioners must be aware of the potential for interactions between (and confounding by) commercially used feed components.
(8) A weakness was in not including confounding factors such as social class and the lack of detailed questions on topics.
(9) In practice, confounding by factors related to exposure opportunity is common.
(10) By using a national sample we ensured that the influence of regional variations in the configuration of long-term care services would not confound estimates of the relative effect of client-related factors.
(11) The independent effects of separation and display size, which were confounded in the Sagi and Julesz experiments, were examined.
(12) In particular, it is shown that adjustment for a misclassified confounding variable can be greatly improved by using the methods presented.
(13) Possible confounding effects of missing data, institutionalization prior to adoption, information given to adoptive parents by the adoption agencies about the child's biological background, historical period, perinatal factors, and selective placement were considered.
(14) I argue that (a) the procedures they used to study confounding were suboptimal because multiple measures of depression and catastrophizing were not employed and (b) the distinctiveness of constructs might better be regarded as a continuous rather than all-or-none (having adequate discriminant validity versus being confounded) concept.
(15) The observed relation between physical activity and colon cancer was not confounded by dietary intake of calories, fat, or protein, nor was the diet and colon cancer relation confounded by physical activity (odds ratios for calories, protein, and fat in males were 2.40, 2.57, and 2.18, respectively).
(16) It is this "multiple system failure" that compounds the effects of large scale events and confounds emergency response.
(17) To control for possible confounding variables, the authors repeated the analyses after stratifying by demographic and diagnostic variables that were distributed differently among men and women.
(18) Some recent reports implicate marijuana smoking as a cause of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, though most of the subjects were exposed to other, possibly confounding, etiologic factors, namely tobacco and alcohol.
(19) With the use of the logistic regression method, an adjusted OR was obtained after controlling various confounders.
(20) The purpose of this study was to examine the association between maternal caffeine consumption and low birthweight, intrauterine growth retardation, and prematurity, adjusting for multiple confounders.
Perplex
Definition:
(a.) To involve; to entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and difficult to be unraveled or understood; as, to perplex one with doubts.
(a.) To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to bewilder; to confuse; to trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or anxiety.
(a.) To plague; to vex; to tormen.
(a.) Intricate; difficult.
Example Sentences:
(1) Perplexed, from being absorbed into some undateable future world governed by an advanced technology whose capacities have to be learned as one reads.
(2) The sergeant, listening in, was perplexed: "We obviously have, because I can hear you on the radio.
(3) Whether FcR-mediated signaling and receptor-mediated signaling involved in NK activity share specific biochemical intermediates is not known, but the involvement of tyrosine kinase function in the latter means of cytotoxicity may provide novel avenues for understanding the biochemical basis of this perplexing cellular function.
(4) The arteriogram correctly localized the precise site of hemorrhage in this perplexing case, and a complex surgical problem was simplified.
(5) The trauma-ready practice must also be cognizant of the some-times perplexing legal and insurance issues with regard to preventing and treating sport-related injuries.
(6) According to Lukyanov, the Kremlin is “perplexed” by Trump because it’s not clear what his priorities are nor whether he can work with Congress to achieve them.
(7) While treatment of a young woman with a dysgerminoma of 1 ovary is a matter of perplexity, we believe that a unilateral operation should be limited to those women who desire above all earthly things to retain their childbearing capacity.
(8) The most perplexing issues in pediatric dentistry today are related to the management of patients.
(9) "It is perplexing and preposterous to hear human rights complaints from the US, where torture and kidnapping are legal in the 21st century."
(10) It was a wretched goal to concede and the unfortunate truth for Mignolet is that moment reminded us why many Liverpool supporters are perplexed he has been awarded a new five-year contract.
(11) Instead, when we meet her at the beginning of the series, Nyborg is more concerned with moving house – presumably supplying viewers with shots of a variety of stylish new light fittings and perplexing floor plans to obsess over – than a political party with which she is increasingly disillusioned.
(12) I was [looks perplexed]: ‘Where’s the fabulous Madonna ?’ But it was still deeply interesting just to shake this tiny little hand, and say ‘You’re real’, because in the 80s, these people lived on plinths, they never came down to Earth.” This encounter made Patterson realise that celebrity per se didn’t exist.
(13) The implementation of library orientation and bibliographic instruction in health sciences centers presents some interesting as well as perplexing problems.
(14) It is now shown that the perplexity may be due to the possibility that the coenzyme (NAD) required for UDPG-D activity, may be acting as a substrate for a second dehydrogenase, namely xanthine dehydrogenase, which may utilize NAD as its substrate.
(15) Management of the patient with tinnitus is an extremely perplexing problem.
(16) Paul Salveson, author of a new book on the future of the railways, Railpolitik , is equally perplexed.
(17) Prematurity is one of the most perplexing problems in perinatal care.
(18) If chemical weapons were used, the timing of the attack is perplexing, the inspector said.
(19) Perplexing findings of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP's) for determining the central sulcus during a craniotomy are reported in a case of brain tumor.
(20) As cellular and molecular approaches combine with physiologic techniques, new information will be available to address the clinical issues of luteal dysfunction which perplex us all.