(v. t.) To mingle and blend, so that different elements can not be distinguished; to confuse.
(v. t.) To mistake for another; to identify falsely.
(v. t.) To throw into confusion or disorder; to perplex; to strike with amazement; to dismay.
(v. t.) To destroy; to ruin; to waste.
Example Sentences:
(1) Previous studies have not always controlled for socioeconomic status (SES) of mothers or other potential confounders such as gestational age or birthweight of infants.
(2) Displacing potencies for dopamine in the nanomolar range are associated with agonist-specific D-3 receptor binding and it is predicted that the component of D-2 binding with high agonist affinity may play a confounding role in many D-3 receptor studies.
(3) Frequently, however, only incomplete data on confounders can be obtained from sources such as next-of-kin or co-workers.
(4) Among all subgroups, the odds ratios adjusted for pertinent confounders and interactions fluctuated randomly by about 0.9 and showed no consistent trend with increased alcohol consumption.
(5) The possibility of applying Signal Detection Theory (SDT) to gustation was investigated by testing the effect of three variables--smoking, signal probability, and food intake (confounded with time of day)--on the taste sensitivity to sucrose of 24 male and 24 female Ss.
(6) They also include difficulties peculiar to the condition of mild mental retardation, including the choice of method of classification whether by IQ testing or administratively; the heterogeneous nature of the individuals so characterised; and the confounding effects of social and biological factors and the changes in the implications for the affected individual of the condition, depending on age, sex and environment.
(7) Practitioners must be aware of the potential for interactions between (and confounding by) commercially used feed components.
(8) A weakness was in not including confounding factors such as social class and the lack of detailed questions on topics.
(9) In practice, confounding by factors related to exposure opportunity is common.
(10) By using a national sample we ensured that the influence of regional variations in the configuration of long-term care services would not confound estimates of the relative effect of client-related factors.
(11) The independent effects of separation and display size, which were confounded in the Sagi and Julesz experiments, were examined.
(12) In particular, it is shown that adjustment for a misclassified confounding variable can be greatly improved by using the methods presented.
(13) Possible confounding effects of missing data, institutionalization prior to adoption, information given to adoptive parents by the adoption agencies about the child's biological background, historical period, perinatal factors, and selective placement were considered.
(14) I argue that (a) the procedures they used to study confounding were suboptimal because multiple measures of depression and catastrophizing were not employed and (b) the distinctiveness of constructs might better be regarded as a continuous rather than all-or-none (having adequate discriminant validity versus being confounded) concept.
(15) The observed relation between physical activity and colon cancer was not confounded by dietary intake of calories, fat, or protein, nor was the diet and colon cancer relation confounded by physical activity (odds ratios for calories, protein, and fat in males were 2.40, 2.57, and 2.18, respectively).
(16) It is this "multiple system failure" that compounds the effects of large scale events and confounds emergency response.
(17) To control for possible confounding variables, the authors repeated the analyses after stratifying by demographic and diagnostic variables that were distributed differently among men and women.
(18) Some recent reports implicate marijuana smoking as a cause of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, though most of the subjects were exposed to other, possibly confounding, etiologic factors, namely tobacco and alcohol.
(19) With the use of the logistic regression method, an adjusted OR was obtained after controlling various confounders.
(20) The purpose of this study was to examine the association between maternal caffeine consumption and low birthweight, intrauterine growth retardation, and prematurity, adjusting for multiple confounders.
Ruination
Definition:
(n.) The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus references to an American financier Stan O'Neal who helped drive his bank to ruination in 2007 were "deleted".
(2) And one assumes the entire European Union financial establishment would invoke its own visions of Irish ruination if necessary.
(3) She isn't sure – though, like Freud, she defines her anxiety as a threat that is objectless, and located in the future – such as ruination or humiliation (unlike fear, which is a response to a specific and immediate threat to one's safety).
(4) It is shooting up the political agenda and, in the potential ruination of Britain's crops and vegetables, threatening the food security of a country that already imports 30% of its produce.
(5) The possibility is now that 3D printing technology can restore whole swaths of 20th-century ruination.
(6) Their photographs capture what has become a topos of post-war urban ruination: the exposed innards of buildings.
(7) Then there was Sir Fred Goodwin's ruination of the Royal Bank of Scotland, which would no longer exist had not the English taxpayer been available to provide the money to bail it out.
(8) Jack's editorial line: an end to the "unfair ruination of personalities" and "the sleaze and sensation that pass for journalism", plus a new, more upbeat message.
(9) In a Guardian interview for a recent series on the Scottish referendum, Carmichael predicted that a vote to leave the EU would mark the “ruination” of the UK.
(10) And this is a different kind of bad, far away from the life-destroying, shame-inducing, ruination-of-a-virgin stuff.
(11) The Mainichi Shimbun, often a progressive voice on other issues, devoted part of its front page yesterday to a fuming editorial warning of the potential ruination of Japan's finest universities by the evil weed.
(12) This suggests, and confirms the authors' clinical impression, that a combination of pharmacotherapy and behaviour therapy is the optimal treatment of choice for ritualistic patients who are almost always very ruinative, doubtful and highly anxious.
(13) He nevertheless presided over the ruination of the Royal Bank of Scotland.
(14) For those of us whose brackets had shot well past imperfection and into the realm of disastrous ruination, Dayton's upset was a joyful thing, a return to March Madness after a dreary afternoon of sensible predictability.
(15) And then: "My dear mother, 1,000 years ago, told me: 'Your tongue will be the ruination of you.'