What's the difference between congestion and papula?
Congestion
Definition:
(n.) The act of gathering into a heap or mass; accumulation.
(n.) Overfullness of the capillary and other blood vessels, etc., in any locality or organ (often producing other morbid symptoms); local hyper/mia, active or passive; as, arterial congestion; venous congestion; congestion of the lungs.
Example Sentences:
(1) Macroscopic lesions included mild congestion of the gastric mucosa and focal consolidation of the lung.
(2) Lisinopril increases cardiac output, and decreases pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and mean arterial pressure in patients with congestive heart failure refractory to conventional treatment with digitalis and diuretics.
(3) These lanes encourage cyclists to 'ride in the gutter' which in itself is a very dangerous riding position – especially on busy congested roads as it places the cyclist right in a motorist's blind spot.
(4) After 40 minutes of coronary occlusion and 20 minutes of reflow, significant cardiac weight gain occurred in association with characteristic alterations in the ischemic region, including widespread interstitial edema and focal vascular congestion and hemorrhage and swelling of cardiac muscle cells.
(5) The degree of venous congestion in the lungs of patients with mitral stenosis varies with the phases of respiration.
(6) Stroke was the cause of 2 and congestive heart failure the cause of 4 deaths.
(7) In this ewe, and in 4 of 7 other sheep diagnosed as having abomasal emptying defects, aspartate transaminase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were high, and histopathologic evidence of hepatic congestion and ischemia was found.
(8) Several studies in the past have shown the long-term beneficial effects of beta-blockers in congestive heart failure.
(9) Case 2: A 40-year-old man with congestive heart failure and inflammatory signs had aortic and mitral regurgitation.
(10) These observations suggest that the degree of sodium depletion plays an important role in the tendency for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to induce renal failure in patients with congestive heart failure and moderate renal insufficiency.
(11) Thus ACE-inhibitors are to be considered for all patients requiring medical therapy for congestive heart failure.
(12) The drugs used in early studies - diuretics, vasodilators and reserpine - greatly improved mortality from malignant hypertension, apoplectic stroke and congestive heart failure, but had little or no effect in persons with milder degrees of elevated blood pressure, who constitute the vast majority of hypertensives.
(13) In the other 6 patients with congestive heart failure and in 4 controls, saralasin produced either no change or slight increases in systemic vascular resistance.
(14) In patients with preexistent congestive heart failure (CHF), predicted cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 78%, 69%, and 57%, respectively, for group 1 (n = 23) and 90%, 83%, and 75%, respectively, for group 2 (n = 16).
(15) Atropine significantly reduced rhinorrhea, the levels of histamine, and TAME-esterase activity as well as the osmolality of recovered lavage fluids, but had no effect on nasal congestion or albumin.
(16) Characteristics of the poisoning include a delay between exposure and onset of symptoms; early systemic toxicity with congestive changes in the lungs and oliguric renal failure; prominent cerebellar and Parkinsonian neurologic symptoms as well as seizures and coma in severe cases; and psychiatric disturbances that can last from months to years.
(17) When he arrived at our hospital, congestive heart failure, cyanosis of his lower extremities and weak femoral pulses were observed.
(18) 3) In 2 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy under severe congestive heart failure defects of MIBG uptake with normal Tl uptake were noted (Sympathetic neuronal function was depleted in spite of normal coronary perfusion.
(19) Patients with acute congestive cardiac failure had elevated plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) which fell towards normal levels with successful diuretic therapy.
(20) The cardiovascular properties revealed by this study strongly suggest that MS-857 will exert a beneficial effect in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Papula
Definition:
(n.) A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the cuticle, produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of tissue; a papule.
(n.) One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument between the plates of starfishes.
Example Sentences:
(1) Skin manifestations in smallpox vaccination (hyperemia, infiltration, papula) were due to the multiplication of the virus proper, increased sensitivity of the surrounding tissues to the live vibrio, and specific immunological reconstruction.
(2) The majority of patients with pseudo-condyloma were symptomless but with harbor roe-like warty papulae distributed symmetrically on both labia minora.
(3) The diagnosis was established after finding characteristic polymorphic lesions in the form of papulae, necrotizing vesicles, ulcerations, desquamation of certain papulae typical of p. guttata, long-term persistence of the lesions and good general condition of the child.
(4) The diameter of the papula increased up to three times in heifers, while in bulls the results were no different than those from the non-infected group.
(5) Five types of vulvoscopic abnormalities are described: diffuse acidophilia (55% of abnormalities), acidophilic maculae (17%), micropapillae (20%), papulae (4%) and leucoparakeratosis (4%).
(6) The evolution has been progressive and eruptive, with the lesions, beginning as reddish papulae, acquiring later a verrucous appearance.
(7) An objective examination of the patient revealed the presence of multiple follicular comedones, black in colour, the size of a pinhead, and of yellowish follicular papulas, 2-5 mm in size, of solid consistency, on the top of which is a formation similar to comedone.
(8) These lesions, consisting of violet coloured maculae and papulae, contained elements from the three hemopoietic series.
(9) The ultrastructure of the dermal papulae of a starfish (Asterias rubens) is consistent with a respiratory function.
(10) The papulae consist of an outer ectodermal epithelium of sensory, support and gland cells and a small basiepithelial nerve plexus.
(11) The areas of the papulae were evaluated in crosses, according to the size of the histamine and using computerized papulometry, using the Kurta series one graphic tablet with one resolution of 200 points per inch.
(12) In fattening pigs this vaccination procedure is attractive because (i) less animal constraint is needed than would be for intramuscular injections, (ii) injection can be checked by the presence of a visible papula at the site of inoculation and, (iii) pigs can be vaccinated in the ham while they are feeding.
(13) Ten days after infection, the dermal lesions were characterized by syphilitic papula accompanied with central necrosis.
(14) Endoscopy of stomach and colon disclosed urticaria-like papulae either spontaneously or after topical provocation in all patients.
(15) Fertility rates for the groups are 1) 3.5 for the Kiunga area of Papula, New Guinea, 2) 4.2 for Northern Territory Australian aborigines, 3) 5.0 for Cayapo groups in Brazil, 4) 5.3 for Hiowe people of New Guinea, 5) 5.7 for 3 Xavante groups in Brazil, 6) 6.0 for West Alaskan Eskimos, 7) 6.9 for Nunamiut Eskimos of Alaska, 8) 7.6 for the Bisman-Asmat group of Indonesian New Guinea, and 9) 8.4 for the Winikina Warao of Venezuela.
(16) The animals' owners suffered from severe itching and redish papulae, particularly on those parts of the body which frequently got in contact with the cats.
(17) A system of canals that are not lined by cells occurs at the base of the papulae with the circular muscles.
(18) The coelomic cavity of the papulae is lined with ciliated endothelial cells, which overlie an irregular layer of circular muscles.
(19) The vulvoscopic images of subclinical vulvar HPV infection, but apart from papulae and, to a lesser extent, leucoparakeratosis, correlations between vulvoscopic and histological images were imprecise.
(20) The skin eruption was characterized by small purpuric maculae with tiny, palpable spots and papulae, mostly concentrated on the lower part of the legs, changing into bullae, pustules and crusts and tending to spontaneous regression after withdrawal from VC exposure.